Thursday, December 26, 2019

Work, Power, and Energy - 1800 Words

Experiment 4: Work, Power and Energy Maria Isabela Mendoza, Carmela Miranda, Arianne Nagrampa, and Vivien Oreo Department of Biological Sciences University of Santo Tomas Espaà ±a, Manila, Philippines Abstract The experiment performed involved work, power and energy. On the first activity, the time it took for each member to go up and down the stairs was recorded. Afterwards, the work and power done were computed. The most powerful member in the group was student number 2 with power outputs of 239.4 W and 266.0 W when going up and down respectively. On the second activity, the graphs of the potential energy vs. time, kinetic energy vs. time, and mechanical energy vs. time of a ball thrown vertically were all predicted. Finally, the ball was†¦show more content†¦Work, therefore, is directly proportional to the force of an object. The greater the force, the greater work it will be. Power, on the other hand, is commonly defined as the rate of doing work. As seen on table 1, each member has a different amount of power output. The amount of time it took for each member to go up and down the stairs were both measured. Afterwards, the power output was calculated by dividing the work done of each member by the time it took to go up and to go down. When going up the stairs from the second to the third floor, student 1 took the longest amount of time of 17.3s. Note that time is inversely proportional to the power output. The longer time it has, the lesser the amount of power will be yielded. In contrast, the lesser time it has, the greater the power output will be. However, when going up the stairs, student 4 has the least power output among the group members with 204.4 W and a time of 16.4s. This is because student 4 has lesser amount of work than student 1. Meanwhile, student 1 both has the largest amount of work and longest time making the power output larger. Highe r work means higher power. When going down the stairs, student 3 has the least amount of power output. Student 3 has the least amount of work therefore she has the least power among the members. Lesser work means lesser power. Finally, student 2, with a power output of 239.4 W whenShow MoreRelatedWork, Power and Energy1351 Words   |  6 PagesExpriment 4: Work, Power and Energy Department of Math and Physics College of Science, University of Santo Tomas Espana, Manila Philippines Abstract Two activities were performed in this experiment. For the first activity, the weights of the different members of the group were each computed and were used in order to determine how much work and power each member exerted in climbing up and down the stairs while being timed. From the data obtained, it is apparent that as one is fasterRead MorePhysics: Work, Power, Energy2008 Words   |  9 PagesExperiment 4: Work, Power and Energy Arlie Bamiano, Jealine Marie Bernabe, Petrenne Clarice Caimbon, Jhia Caso Department of Biological Sciences College of Science, University of Santo Tomas Espaà ±a, Manila Philippines Abstract The experiment deals primarily with computing the work done by gravity on each member in two scenarios (going up and down the stairs of the second floor and the third floor of the Main Building) wherein weight was also considered and following this, the power outputRead MoreAnalysis of Work, Energy and Power Experiment764 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause the fan cart gives off a constant force. The result that we got for work in the four trials is increasing from the first trial to the last trial because we increases the distance it covers and the work is the product of the force and the distance covered by the object. And the power is the rate at which the work is done it is the work done per unit of time which is second. We got the values of power by dividing the work by the time we got in the smart timer reading. And in table 2, we measureRead MoreExperiment 6: Work, Power and Energy Laboratory Report1806 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿Experiment 6: Work, Power and Energy Laboratory Report Eljine Jayson Zhang, Shaira Madelene Vinta, Mel Marvin Villarante, Pauline Alyssa Vega, Camille Elijah Valdez, Nicole Dominique Vasquez Department of Physical Therapy College of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Santo Tomas Espaà ±a, Manila Philippines Abstract This report aims to show how to determine the power output of going up a staircase and going down the same staircase, to determine the change in kinetic and potentialRead MorePower Power is the time rate at which work is done or energy is transferred (Jones, no date).1400 Words   |  6 Pages Power Power is the time rate at which work is done or energy is transferred (Jones, no date). Hence, power is a mixture of both force and velocity (power= force x velocity). Power is an essential component of soccer. Players need to be able to move swiftly while applying a great force on the muscles they are using. This combination of both speed and strength can give footballers a massive advantage on the pitch. However, there are some players that may need to possess a greater amount of power thanRead MoreElectricity Via Natural Sources : Solar And Wind Energy1260 Words   |  6 PagesELECTRICITY VIA NATURAL SOURCES – SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY SOLAR ENERGY: INTRODUCTION –HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT As we all know that, history of solar energy is as old as the humans. Since last two centuries human beings started to use it in order to generate electricity. We get electricity form the sun, directly by some simplest processes or else we can get it without any processes too. ‘Many materials produce small amount of electricity when they are exposed to the light’ – this was discovered by AlexandreRead MoreHybrid Energy Using Solar And Wind1195 Words   |  5 PagesHybrid energy using solar and wind Sustainable conservation Abstract Hybrid energy systems are being used in rural areas as the advances in renewable energy technology are increasing. Hybrid power consist of two or more renewable energy sources used collectively to provide efficient and balanced energy supply. If multiple energy storage devices with complementary performance characteristics are used together, the resulting hybrid system can reduce the cost of energy storage over singleRead MoreExperiment 2011639 Words   |  7 PagesEXPERIMENT 201: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER John Michael A. Ramos, Phy11l/A5 Abstract The essential conditions to be satisfied for work to be done are: Some force must act on the object. The point of application of force must move in the direction of force. W = F x s. SI unit of work is joule. Energy is the capacity to do work. The two types of mechanical energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion. Potential energy is the energyRead MoreAlternative Energy : Renewable Energy966 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative Energy. What is it? Alternative energy: energy generated in ways that do not deplete natural resources or harm the environment, avoiding the use of fossil fuels and nuclear power (Google Definition). ALternative energy is the way to go: it is cleaner than Fossil Fuels and Nuclear Power, it works with the environment, and is benefitial to the community. First off, the majority of the world, 80% of the United States uses Nuclear power or Fossil Fuels as a source of energy and electricityRead MoreWind and Solar Generated Electricity Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pagesnew techniques for power usage is more urgent than ever. As global warming as a result of Carbon Dioxide emissions becomes at the forefront of all environmental issues, the need for a global metanoia is encouraged. The breakdown of coal to create electricity becomes more and more frowned upon each day by environmental activists, the call for a greater proportion of alternative power such as wind and solar is recommended. The question is often posed as to which alternative energy source is leading

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on Criminal Sentencing Purpose - 1300 Words

Criminal Sentencing purpose There was once a Television show name â€Å"Berretta† and the show theme song said do not do crime if you cannot do the time. That is a true saying, one that should be on every criminal mind why they are committing a crime. Sentencing a criminal for crimes for which they have been convicted of is their due punishment according to the severity of the crime committed. The Courts have for centuries punished criminals according to the belief of the society in which the crime was committed. The belief systems of a civilized society have often dictated the punishment in criminal procedures. In biblical days, the belief system called for stoning for violation of many†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"the United States its system of law is derived from the English system of Common Law† (Davenport, 2009, p.4). In common Law when one case is settled this set precedent for other cases precedent help maintain a stable sentencing process. A Judge use precedent in the sentencing process. Much time the judge will seek to perform several tasks in the process of sentencing. They will attempt to find alternative method of sentencing. The sentencing process objective has several different views to which are the most productive. Some think sentencing process theory can use the concept of Deterrence. â€Å"Deterrence which is based on the concept that other will see punishment given to a convicted person thus deterring the public from committing crimes† (Walla ce Roberson, 2008, p. 337, p. 339). This concept is based on the idea that society has the mindset to be deterred by the evident of what will occur if they commit a crime. According to Tan Lin offence seriousness can be scaled according to proportionality, deterrent effects appear to follow no linear scale and the relationship between deterrent effects and level of severity of punishment is obscure†(Lin, T., 2009, p. 49). This is to say there is no solid evident that deterrent is effective as the proponents of this theory would argue. Deterrence does have an effect on scaling back other from committing crime but it does not seem to be the most effectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Sentencing Reform Act Of 19841526 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sentencing Reform Act is associated with the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, were the U.S. federal statute increased the consistency in the United States federal sentencing. The Sentencing Reform Act created the United States Sentencin g Commission. This act allowed the independent commission into the judicial branch of the United States Sentencing Commission. It consists of seven voting members and one nonvoting member. For the sake of the United States Sentencing Commission, thereRead MoreThe Three-Strike Law: The Purpose of Sentencing1473 Words   |  6 Pagesarrested under suspicion of criminal activities. The law and Constitution, for these individuals, ensure that a certain process occurs to ensure guilt or innocence, and that no individual who has been proven innocent is unnecessarily or unfairly punished for unproven criminal activity. To ensure that this dual purpose is duly met, the law includes elements like the three strikes law in order to ensure the safety of law-abiding citizens and also to ensure that criminals understand the seriousness ofRead MoreCriminal Punishment And The Criminal Justice System1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe criminal justice system apply as much influence over the life, liber ty and the pursuit of happiness of criminal offenders as the final sentencing decision. Judges have an extensive range of sentencing options. These options range from fines, restitution, and probation to incarceration in jail or prison. For much of the 20th century, criminal sentencing practices remained largely unchanged in the United States. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a practical revolution in criminal punishmentRead MoreSentencing Paper1264 Words   |  6 PagesSentencing Paper Tushar Vincent Botlero 12 March 2012 CJ/A-234 Melissa Andrewjeski Sentencing Paper   Punishment has been a subject of deliberate among philosophers, political leaders,  and lawyers  for centuries. Various theories of punishment have been developed, each of which attempts to justify the practice in some form and to state its proper objectives. The quantity and severity of punishments were reduced, the prison system have been improved. According to the MontgomeryRead MoreSentencing Paper Individual1170 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Sentencing Paper Toska Reed Introduction of Corrections/CJA234 February 02, 2015 University of Phoenix Online Professor John Eckert Sentencing Paper In this paper will describe how the system analyzes the principal objectives of punishment within the United States correctional system. It will also describe how the state and federal systems goals of punishment. How does sentencing affect the state and federal corrections systems overall and I will explain and support my answer? AlsoRead MoreThe Sentencing Policy And The Criminal Justice System1065 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many current criminal justice policies and laws that demonstrate how the policy has been informed by the theories that have been covered this semester. Many connections are not explicit but offer great detail in offering information based on the given topics. The current criminal justice policy that I’ve chosen was the sentencing policy. The sentencing policy was put together to reach every type of case that could possibly be seen in the criminal justice system. Here we will further discussRead MoreThe philosophy of probation has changed over the p ast several years. Originally, probation1100 Words   |  5 Pagesprobation has changed over the past several years. Originally, probation officers were considered social worker, able to focus on the individual offender, rather than statutory schemes of the legal system. This ideology aligned with the indeterminate sentencing structure that acknowledged individualization of the offender. However, today probation officers have been coined â€Å"the guardian of the guidelines† (Bunzel, 1995, para 2). Under this new philosophy, probation is a facilitator of the net-wideningRead MoreSentencing Of The Criminal Code1414 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Criminal Code is a federal law that authorizes the federal government to legislate illicit acts of crime in Canada. The Criminal Code not only defines conduct that constitutes criminal behaviour, but establishes the type and to what degree of punishment the offender will face once convicted of a crime. Through the analysis of facts with regards to Nina’s case, this paper will identify and examine the main objectives of sentencing. Furthermore, this paper will explore both aggravatingRead MoreJudges On Trial : A Reexamination Of Judicial Race And Gender Effects Across Modes Of Conviction1044 Words   |  5 PagesTrial: A Reexamination of Judicial Race and Gender Effects Across Modes of Conviction By Brian D. Johnson Purpose: The purpose of the article is to examine the issues with data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing that has been strengthened to include information on sentencing judges and criminal court contexts, and it argues that the mode of conviction shapes the focus of sentencing discretion in ways that systematically underestimate judge effects for pooled estimates of incarcerationRead MoreThe Five Goals Of Contemporary Criminal Sentencing933 Words   |  4 Pages When it comes to the criminal trial process, the last step those who are found guilty face before they are incarcerated is receiving their sentencing. There is more to a judge handing down a sentence than just giving the convicted person a time limit for how long he has to stay in incarcerated. When it comes to the different ranges of sentencing, there are five goals of contemporary criminal sentencing, the nature of structured sentencing must be understood and its positives explained, and determinate

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

George Orwell wrote Animal Farm because he felt compelled to express his views on the Russian Communist society Essay Example For Students

George Orwell wrote Animal Farm because he felt compelled to express his views on the Russian Communist society Essay George Orwell wrote Animal Farm because he felt compelled to express his views on the Russian Communist society and how equality can be so easily corrupted and become an instrument of control. Orwell satirises the classic hypocrisy of political systems and how some individuals abuse the power given to them by the population. Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution, where Orwell exposes the myths of soviet socialism and uncovers their true ideals and views which can be manipulated into exploitative and self- serving regimes. This novel is conveying a message on how fraudulent and unprincipled the world can become and how all humans have the capacity to desire power over others. In the beginning, Animal Farm was dominated by Farmer Jones. For a while he was a good leader who looked after his community of animals, but later he turns out to be unreliable and cruel during times of hardship. This call for a discussion between the animals, who feel it is necessary to overthrow their old leader and produce a better and more suitable commander. Man is the only creature who consumes without producingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦yet he is the lord of all animalsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦What then must we do? Work night and day, body and soul for the overthrow of the human race! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rebellion. Chapter 1 pg 4-5. This is Old Majors theory on creating a better society for the animals. This is a connection to the rebellion in Russia to end the Csarist rule and create a communist nation to help the civilians who suffered under Nich olas the Seconds dominion. This revolution, carried out by the animals was to mark the beginning of a new state; of equality, comradeship and prosperity. In this novel, all of the animals that recreate the image of the proletariat, show their purity and naivety through their simple ideals of a new perfect society, filled with hope and optimism. This is because they feel liberated from Farmer Jones tyranny, yet they cannot see the underlying tension for power, that is made by the pigs. Throughout this struggle for power, all of the animals are compelled to dedicate their lives, willingly and wholeheartedly to the new Animal Farm. This initiates a strong sense of common purpose and each animal feels lifted up by the knowledge that they are free and will now live in an egalitarian community. This is shown through the making of the Animal farm flag; a green and white version of the Russian hammer and sickle flag. Instead, theirs has a hoof and horn which signifies the future Republic of the animals which would arise when the human race had been finally overthrown as well as the 7 commandments, that would govern the farm until powers was corrupted and idealism distorted by Napoleon and his followers. This elevation of power begins to unfold when the animals decide to work together to bring in the harvest. The pigs didnt actually workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ with their superior knowledge it was natural that they assume the leadership. Chapter 3 pg. 11 During the novel, the pigs continue to gain more and more power. In the pigs uprise of power, the Seven Commandments are an effective structural device. Their different alterations resemble the pigs progressive rise to power. The pigs gradual gain of privileges such mash with milk and the consuming of alcohol, leads to the final identification of pig and human, Communist and capitalist. Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely is a concept widely understood after having read Orwells satire. It is first shown when the pigs take the milk and apples, explaining to the rest of the animals that everyone is equal, but some are just more equal than others. They also argue that the pigs do more thinking, and therefore need more energy to do so. It is in the later part of the book, that the concept of corruption gradually earns its meaning. When Napoleon forces Snowball to leave the farm, he becomes the leader. .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .postImageUrl , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:hover , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:visited , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:active { border:0!important; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:active , .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269 .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f2ff4d8b64ce6ca771bb39f0c3be269:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Cruelty EssayNapoleon creates rumours that are twisted to befoul Snowballs name, so anything that goes wrong on the farm is simply Snowballs fault. He insists that Snowball had always planned everything in order to harm the farm and ruin their newly made society. This manipulation of the animals hides the pigs blatant disregard for the rules and it helps them to control the other animals as well as convincing the animals that they are the good guys and Snowball is the criminal. Napoleon and the pigs want a life of luxury and are quite happy for all of the other animals to do the work on the farm, for example the building of the windmill. While the pigs draw up the 5 year plans and buy equipment, the other animals such as Boxer, have to do all the hard labour like dragging stones from the quarry. All of the animals are far too gullible to prevent themselves from being exploited and allow this to happen. This results in far more inequality than before, when the animals worked for Mr Jones. One of the ways in which power is maintained is by the carefully spinning of information. The pigs cleverly use this to their advantage, behaving like corrupt politicians. Throughout the novel, the greedy and cunning pigs hide behind a cover of lies and deception to cling to power. Napoleon makes use of Squealers abilities to turn black into white in order to brainwash the farm animals into accepting his new rules. This makes the other animals question their own memories and increases self-doubt. By increasing this self-doubt, Squealer can give speech after speech telling as many lies as he likes. Squealer knows that he can get away with this because if the animals are unsure about the past, how can they be sure about the present. Only Benjamin the donkey, understands what the pigs are up to. He isnt drawn towards Napoleons propaganda and he sees through their words of feigned concern and friendship towards the simpler minded animals, yet he can only watch as the pigs become richer and fatter and the other animals become more fatigued and hungry. Towards the closing stages of the novel, Animal Farm has become a totalitarian state and there is a definite social hierarchy. The animals live in worse conditions than before and the pigs are more like humans every day, wearing Mr. Jones old clothes and standing on their hind legs while carrying whips in their trotters. Orwell concludes that there can be no perfect utopian society. The perfect society would always end up with a leader, and there would never be a case where all of the citizens were happy. Animal Farm showed that, in the end the authority didnt care for the people. It doesnt matter who you set out to be, it is about what you become after you take power. In todays society, actions of power are based on laws and principles. Without these, the government would crumble and there would be nothing but a disorganised rabble of people fighting for control. The collapse of the commandments brought chaos to Animal farm. It symbolises the breakdown of a society without rules. If rules are not followed it is impossible to live. Power is said to be a dangerous thing. Once you have it you may not be able to give it back. This was the case for Napoleon in Animal Farm. He was so intent on securing his place as the ruler, that he let go of all his previous morals and beliefs for a better society and became a tyrant, exactly like his predecessor. Animal Farm is the story of a revolution gone wrong. It is a classic example of how easily power can corrupt the mind and show the many faults that all systems of governments have.

Monday, December 2, 2019

There Are Some Things Which Cannot Be Learned Essays -

"There are some things which cannot be learned quickly, and time, which is all we have, must be paid heavily for their acquiring. They are the simplest things, and because it takes a man's life to know them, the little now that each man gets from life, is very costly and the only heritage he has to leave." Ernest Hemingway Ernest Miller "Papa" Hemingway Ernest Hemingway is easily reconized by many scholars and outdoorsman because of his lifestyle. During his life he left a legacy for some and a disaster for others. Although he was on top of the world at some point or another, his life wasn't always as fortunate. He had problems, like everyone has, but it wasn't his fault he could not stay satisfied and couldn't keep women. Hemingway was not only a writer, but a vetern, fisherman and hunter, a loving father. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born at eight o'clock in the morning on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois (Shaw viii) . Born in the family home at 439 North Oak Park Avenue, a house built by his widowed grandfather Ernest Hall, Hemingway was the second of Dr. Clarence and Grace Hall Hemingway's six children; he had four sisters and one brother (McDowell 11). He was named after his maternal grandfather Ernest Hall and his great uncle Miller Hall. As a boy he was taught by his father to hunt and fish along the shores and in the forests surrounding Lake Michigan (Shaw 17). The Hemingways had a summer house at the northern end of Lake Michigan and the family would spend the summer months there trying to stay cool. Hemingway would either fish the different streams that ran into the lake, or would take the row boat out on the bay and do some fishing there. He discovered early in life the serenity to be found while alone in the forest. It was something he could always go back to throughout his life, wherever he was. Nature would be the touchstone of Hemingway's life and work. Hemingway received his formal schooling in the Oak Park public school system. In high school he was mediocre at sports, playing football, swimming, water basketball and serving as the track team manager (Burgess 15). He enjoyed working on the high school newspaper called the Trapeze, where he wrote his first articles. Hemingway graduated in the spring of 1917 and instead of going to college the following fall like his parents expected, he took a job as a cub reporter for the Kansas City Star (Shaw viii). At the time of Hemingway's graduation from High School, World War I was raging in Europe and despite Woodrow Wilson's attempts to keep America out of the war, the United States joined the Allies in the fight against Germany and Austria in April, 1917 (Shaw). When Hemingway turned eighteen he tried to enlist in the army, but was deferred because of poor vision; he had a bad left eye that he probably inherited from his mother, who also had poor vision. When he heard the Red Cross was taking volunteers as ambulance drivers he quickly signed up (Shaw). He was accepted in December of 1917, left his job at the paper in April of 1918, and sailed for Europe in May. On July 8, 1918, only a few weeks after arriving, Hemingway was seriously wounded by fragments from an Austrian mortar shell which had landed just a few feet away. At the time, Hemingway was distributing chocolate and cigarettes to Italian soldiers in the trenches near the front lines. The explosion knocked Hemingway unconscious, killed an Italian soldier and blew the legs off another (Shaw). What happened next has been debated for some time. Supposivlely over 200 pieces of shrapnel being lodged in Hemingway's legs he still managed to carry another wounded soldier back to the first aid station; along the way he was hit in the legs by several machine gun bullets (Shaw). Whether he carried the wounded soldier or not, doesn't diminish Hemingway's sacrifice. He was awarded the Italian Silver Medal for Valor with the official Italian citation (Shaw). Recovering at a hospital in Milan, he started a relationship with his nurse Agnes von Kurowsky (Burgess 72). He returned to America with a broken heart. Hemingway took the position, which offered him time to write and a chance to work for the Toronto Star Weekly. Hemingway wrote for the Star Weekly even after moving to Chicago in the fall of 1920. While living at a friend's

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Essay on Reflection on Education Policy

Essay on Reflection on Education Policy Essay on Reflection on Education Policy Essay on Reflection on Education PolicyThe current major issues relating to education include language issues, immigration issues and diversity issues. One of the most important issues relating to education is diversity in schools and universities. The U.S. government has already implemented considerable changes in education policy to improve language skills, solve the problem of immigrant children and promote multicultural education in schools. Today teachers are focused on student achievement and equity due to special training courses. The program No Child Left Behind helps to develop the proper assessments in basic skills of students and improve their academic outcomes. However, it is imperfect and needs reformation. Many interest groups, including civil rights groups, disability advocacy groups, civic and labor groups and religious organizations call for considerable changes to the federal education law because related policies are inefficient. They fail to address the needs of m inority children, children with disabilities, and children from low income families. Teachers are not well-prepared to meet the needs of these students. Besides, it is necessary to solve the problem of the current achievement gap between Black students and White students.Undoubtedly, some aspects in the U.S. education policy will be changed in the nearest future. The Obama administration is focused on increasing academic standards of students through re-classifying schools that have been characterized as failing, and to develop a new effective assessment system process for teachers. These changes will affect my personally because I am interested in high quality education. The Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 and other acts are aimed at making improvements in the U.S. educational system. My thoughts prior to reading this week’s reading assignment were not serious as they are now. My perspective has been reinforced now t hat I am more informed. I realize that the issue of race, gender, social class, language status and disability issues should be addressed properly.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

John Mills onLiberity essays

John Mills onLiberity essays The fear that Mill expresses in On liberty about public opinion is communicated with three major ideas: individualism, liberty, and human nature. Public opinion has the ability of removing each one of these ideas from a democratic society, allowing for change that creates an environment that is unstable to new discoveries and ideas that are vital for evolution. This problem is deemed irrelevant by todays democratic society. However the truth of the matter is that the threat of public opinion is still as great as it was when Mill wrote On liberty. Mill is timid of public opinion for one main reason: that public opinion causes loss of individuality in society. To understand this in its entirety, one person must first understand Mills logic behind this fear. Public opinion causes people to make the same decisions which others have already have made. This choice of following the same path is unconscious, due to the fact that pubic opinion is deeply imbedded in the truths that society hold; such as education. Every extension of education promotes it (public opinion), because education brings people under common influences, and gives them access to the general stock of facts and sentiments (98). In essence, a person believes that he is making a choice when embracing the same opinion as others. However, in reality, individuals have no reassurance that education itself has not given people the same opinion. By having public opinion, no true reasoning is involved, but just accepting of facts. This lack of individual input the down fall of a society in Mills opinion, If the grounds of an opinion are not conclusive to a persons own reason, his reason cannot be strengthened, but is likely to be weakened, by his adopting it: and if the inducements to an act are not such as are conclusiveness to his own feeling and character it is so much done towards rendering his feeling and cha ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Intro to business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Intro to business - Assignment Example This all new process will reduce the cost of production greatly and make this fuel economical for the consumers as well. The shell had in the past suffered from a production stoppage due to the fire eruption at their Bintulu, Malaysian plant in 1997. This resulted in the discontinuity of the Gas to Liquid process because at that time only one plant of the Shell was operational. But now they have developed a new GLT plant that is ten times more in its production capacity, as compared to the Malaysian plant, in Doha, Qatar. By the way it is the world’s largest GLT plant, Shell’s forty years of research has paid back to them in an impressive manner. Qatar has the largest reserves of natural gas in the world as well. Second thing the Shell should use cheap transportation methods in order to make it (fuel) affordable for the people globally. Natural gas is mostly available in the remote areas and it costs a lot to transport the final product from those areas to the reach of the people. The Shell should also switch to the direct production method for GLT. This will help them to reduce their production cost greatly. This reduction in production cost would be then transferred to the ultimate consumers. Over the last forty years Shell has poured billions of dollars in their new GLT technology in order to provide efficient and cost effective fuel alternative to the people. Five year time to judge the success or failure of this project is like a pinch of salt in flour. These sort of projects require sometime to reach the breakeven and also in reaping profits. GLT will be really fruitful for the Shell because of the price hike of petroleum products globally. Moreover they know that they will harvest success as more and more people are becoming conscious to minimize their footprints on the planet

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

The International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The International Business - Essay Example The rising tension in the global scenario can be mainly attributed to the rapid changes in the political and economic scenario amidst which organizations operate. Employers have been continuously undertaking reform initiatives and developing strategies directed towards improving employment relations and which brings changes in behaviour and attitude at the workplace and addresses the issues of skill development, work organization and flexibility, compensation, cross cultural management etc (Macdonald, 1997, p.3). The project seeks to make an analysis of the changes in the business environment in which organizations operate and the consequent impact on their employment relationships. In this context, particular emphasis is provided on organizations in the UK. A critical analysis is provided in the project which discusses the views and arguments of researchers and practitioners on the subject. This is supported by presenting the outcome of previous researches and surveys. This is follo wed by a critical discussion of the subject and the data collected for the purpose. Literature Review It is seen that the new approaches adopted in organizations are based on a wide range of HRM and employment relationship practices which are directed towards improving the skills and flexibility of the workforce within the organizational environment which thrives on communication, collaboration, trust and cooperation between managers, workers as well as their representatives. However, the changes have been universally accepted in all organizations. They are predominantly prominent among the industrialized nations of the world. Low growth rates have been the fundamental reason for retarding the progress of technological advancement in Great Britain. It has ill-equipped the nation to adjust to the prevailing economic and political situation. The underutilized and minimally legalized system of regulation coupled with fragmented collective bargaining system, growth of labour organizatio ns, low degrees of centralization, proved to be resistant towards attempts to change the system. Neither the coalition government nor the subsequent state initiatives succeeded in bringing about any structural innovation in the UK organizations (Jacobi, 1986, p.3-9). Significant changes were noticed among the trade unions in the organizations. The export and the modernization oriented growth were accepted willingly by the trade unions. It was believed that it would generate high levels of productivity and performance and this in turn would strengthen the bargaining power of the trade unions. A major emphasis has shifted playing a more protective role by the unions apart from performing their regular functions. Organizations are focussing more on the equitable distribution of social wealth which is reflected through the compensation structures and policies (Jacobi, 1986, p.3-9). This section will present some of the research outcomes conducted by the Labour Force Survey in 2005. The results will bring about the impacts of the economic downturn occurring in 2008 and 2009 compared to the previous years. The economic downturn occurring in 2008/2009 has caused a common problem in mostly all nations, i.e., it

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Economic Urban Renewal Essay Example for Free

Economic Urban Renewal Essay During Urban renewal, what is in the best interest of the city is sometimes not in the best interest of many people in the City. And what is in the interest of the People is often not in the best interest of the City. Cities, or their disparate parts at varying rates, are always in one natural state of evolution or another: decline or renewal. Community organizations and individuals who have no expertise or experience in modern urban design and renewal have no place influencing the renewal agenda from an official capacity any more than a lawyer should be telling a doctor how to do neurosurgery on a sick patient. Urban Renewal and Design is a challenging and daunting endeavor even for the experts. Modern Renewal does not appease or allow a sense of entitlement by amateurs to meddle in the process from appointed political positions. Community groups with a sophisticated culture of urban economics and design should be invited into the process. A good example of this type of community group is the Design Advocacy Group in Philadelphia. Urban renewal is not a social welfare program. Social programs are already abundantly in existence for the needy in every City. Urban Renewal programs are special events. Urban Renewal programs co-opted by social activists will fail. Social programs masquerading as Renewal will eventually be exposed for what they are, with negative ramifications to follow, possibly inhibiting consideration of another renewal try any time in the foreseeable future. The same goes for political and institutional pork barrel projects masquerading as Renewal or Economic Recovery projects. Usually, the make up of the renewal board itself is a strong predictor of its direction, whether its makeup is weighted in favor of social community activists, politicians or known political cronies, representatives of major city institutions by proxy, or outside experts with no current or previous political or business ties to the region, no local constituency to appease, and with no continuing participation after achieving benchmarks. Even a so-called balanced board, that is, one that gives a seat to a representative of each of the citys major constituent groups, such as the major ethnic, political, business, religious, housing, social categories etc. may be cause for suspicion. These type of boards are mainly constituted to see that each gets its share of the pie, proclaiming unity while each pursues their own vision, going in separate directions while protecting their turf. A balanced board tends to neutralize, diminish and dilute the effectiveness of good plans in the compromising process of wheeling and dealing between groups. A balanced board that provides seats of influence to entitled non-experts is bound to fail. Body Urban renewal programs are historically almost orgiastic opportunities of cronyism and pork barrel corruption. Citizens, the Law and the Press must apply the highest scrutiny. Urban renewal is not a social experiment but a pro-business, free market enabler that attracts new businesses and residents, facilitated by physical redesign. Incentives intended to attract business into a renewal zone that contain local hiring requirements will find limited appeal, since the overwhelming majority of businesses want to be free to hire People based on their qualifications rather than their address. Urbanists recognize that individual economic and residential decisions are based on self-interest, and that successful renewal depends on the cumulative effect of thousands of individual decisions. Cities where community activists have a reputation for strong-arming new businesses will have a difficult time of renewal. The existing state of the City asks at any given moment, Why would anyone choose to live or operate a business here when they have the option to choose another locale? The City may ask the question, but only outside stakeholders can answer it. Urbanists need to identify outside stakeholders and get an accurate picture of what it will take for them to move into the City. Renewal planners must constantly adjust their plans to appease stakeholders outside the City as information suggests. Urban renewal is the removing of blight and creating high density, safe attractive walkable new neighborhoods and shopping districts through policy and design. It is for the immediate benefit of middle and upper class business owners and individuals who will settle and create a sufficient tax base to provide services in the future for all residents. These are shoppers, business owners and residents who do not yet have any presence in the City. In other words, present City residents and businesses must bite the bullet and make sacrifices for current outsiders to accrue future benefits. Every move in this direction speeds up the renewal process. The immediate target constituency for urban renewal programs lay outside the City, not in it. Todays residents will receive future benefits through others that cannot come to fruition any other way. Territorial attitudes and a sense of entitlement that attempt to keep outsiders at bay and keep benefits in will generate no benefits and further isolate Inner City poor from mainstream opportunities. Urban renewal efforts influenced by social service and affordable housing providers will come to resemble a social service program and be a complete turn-off to the regions middle and upper class. Renewal leaders who as politicians had a history of applying short term patches to long term problems, or who have a prior or newly established business relationship with large institutional beneficiaries of renewal funds, will find it hard to build trust with skeptical stakeholders, especially prominent business People with honed analytical skills. The history, business and political ties of Renewal leaders will play a large role as to informing stakeholders’ decisions. Without attracting a viable upper class from the region urban renewal is dead. Often used specious arguments by community activists such as we stayed and stood by the City during its hard times, now we deserve something†¦ is a thinly disguised parasitic, something for nothing attitude. People do not hesitate to move to a better neighborhood when they can. Renewal leaders who succumb to this victimology do the City and its good people a disservice while repelling desirable potential inhabitants. While large historical forces have shaped the American ghetto, this is the context in which some must deal with their problems, not an excuse for failure or benefits beyond the social sector. Life can be hard and harder for some, but Urban Renewal funds are not to be used as welfare funds or for public housing. That is what the local housing and welfare boards, with their separate and historical funding sources are for. Church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued (McAteer, 1975). No matter how many People attend church or work hard in some cites, it is a lack of architectural cohesion, wasted space in the form of parking lots and vacant lots, vandalism and other property crimes, burglary and thefts, the preponderance of illegal drug markets, violence, blight, rampant anti-social behaviors, tacky shoddy retail shops, gangs, unruly teenagers, school violence, illegitimacy and lack of a skilled and employable populace that creates the profile of a worst case inner City needing attention. These problems in turn lead to a lack of economic and social capital. Churches are valuable institutions in their historical role as spiritual guides, facilitators of personal transformation and, in urban areas, the delivery of social services. Serious Urbanists must ferret out the challenges of a city, divide them between the predictable and fixable (design) and the theoretical (social) and work on them separately, considering the two processes operate on wholly different timelines and practices. Social challenges, whose solutions are purely theoretical with no predictable outcome based on past history, are on a timeline of 20 years ( one generation) to infinity, ( or never, since poverty and its associated pathologies have been in existence on this planet since the beginning of mankind, despite the best intentions of policy makers throughout history. Urbanists should work on what is known and doable within the allotted time, and not engage in risky experimentation that may ruin a window of opportunity, leaving the larger social problems, those beyond which soundly designed built environments can positively effectuate to social theorists. Urban design and physical development is a proven methodology of urban change within a specified period. Desirable outside stakeholders are, almost by definition not in need of church social services. Therefore, churches should be considered in the social and theoretical People side of the renewal equation. Urbanists must be careful to avoid The Seattle Process, that is, the civic inclination to seek so much public input and consider so many sides of an argument that nothing actually gets done. A good Urbanist begins an operation with the same singular confidence of a surgeon opening a patient’s chest. Like a good doctor, a good Urbanist persuades a patient as to what is necessary for health, does not let the patient write his own prescriptions, and gains the patients trust and cooperation for the patients own good. Church organizations often become a default local government in dysfunctional cities, securing government and philanthropic contracts and fees to provide social services. Rather than being content with the compensation and intrinsic rewards for doing good works, when renewal funds become available, churches often subsume renewal efforts into their mission, demanding a cut of the economic pie, a seat at the political table, and influence to engineer social outcomes through shaky experimental theories. Too often opportunistic ministers, both storefront and traditional, subordinate their historical role to become real estate developers in the profitable non-profit housing industry. Successful at supplanting market oriented Licensed Planners in master-planning neighborhoods, whole areas are taken off the market and are assigned for low-income housing development and rehabilitation to benefit owners and tenants who cannot afford or dont maintain their properties. This does not correct the underlying problem, the inability of poor residents to maintain their properties, and resets to the beginning the deterioration cycle, which leads inevitably to another tax payer bailout. Churches also attempt to insert themselves as the moral arbiters of what the City should be, conflicting with equally legitimate visions of other stakeholders. Urbanist should not mediate the competing visions of others, but should know what the course of action is and concentrate on their own vision. Urbanist must take command of the situation. Only church organizations that understand the economics and design necessary to attract outsiders into the City should be part of the renewal team. No more than one, if any, church seat on the board should be allowed, which represents the aggregate voice of the City religious institutions, and only those institutions that understand outside stakeholder interests. This is a concept familiar to all People of faith and can contribute to renewal success. The board presence and influence of City churches without any renewal expertise beyond low-income housing services should be as limited as their experience. Urban renewal is difficult enough without allowing fake experts on board. A healthy adversarial relationship between social activists and Urbanists should be acknowledged. The basis for this differentiation is the recognition that the City also consists of buildings, streets, infrastructure, related public services and utilities such as street and sewer service, architecture, physical neighborhood design cohesion and allure, special districts, location and transportation assets, zoning laws, tax assessment considerations, finance, business attraction strategies, public relations, marketing activities and more that are far and away outside the purview and expertise of social scientists subsidized housing activists and theorists. The best organizational chart would group these varied disciplines into appropriate categories receiving specialized representation into People (Social) and City (Renewal). Let the chips fall where they may. Ubiquitous poverty is repellent to members of the Middle and Upper Class. To find themselves surrounded by poverty and blight is their worst nightmare. Urbanists must avoid including any plans or designs that provide or support poverty programs. This should be left to the social activists. Urbanists should not over-reach and attempt to do more than they are qualified for or have the resources to do, especially when duplicating existing organizations servicing that need. Urbanists should refrain from incorporating fuzzy social goals or any other programs that rely on rosy predictions that are hard to objectively justify. Whenever possible, Urbanists should present appropriately analogous models to support their position. Unlike Social Theory, which has applied uncountable programs, ideas and billions of dollars to distressed urban cores, the great majority of which have failed, it has been proven that graphic urban design codes serve as predictable guides for change. Intrusive blight and poverty, and its associated social pathologies are the overwhelming reason Isolated City renewal efforts fail. Isolated City in this context can be defined as a City that has no existing viable and attractive residential, commercial or arts areas to build out from. Isolated Cities are the least likely to have a successful renewal and must pull out all the stops in areas of design and incentives to attract outside stakeholders (Lees, 1985). Regional poor move to areas that have a culture of the poor, where they feel less stigmatized and self-conscious, and can find and bond comfortably with others in familiar situations. The abundance of support services for the poor further encourages settlement. Above all, poor people gravitate to areas where they can afford to live, bringing with them all the psychological and social pathologies of such a tough and sad existence. Concentrations of poverty also are, to a great degree, the end result of old racist traditions, expressed in public policies and business practices decades earlier. Zoning laws, and the open discriminatory practice of suburban real estate agents refusing to sell to minorities, post WWII through the 1970s, established the present ethnic and socio-economic configuration of urban areas and suburbs. This law contains loopholes for developers and communities with an anti low income housing bias. In light of history and current practices, a solid argument can be made for compensation to certain classes and groups who have inherited the terrible ramifications of this process. However, Renewal Funds and plans are an inappropriate source. No Urban Renewal effort has ever received enough funding to do as much as is needed, and cannot take on the added burden of compensating for societys misdeeds. Failed urban renewal cycles are more the rule than the exception, and the heavy and counter-productive hand of poverty services has played a major part in their failures. In some cities however, with every cycle they have become more expert in inserting themselves into the mix. With such limited vision partners unschooled in economics as gate-keepers, it is no wonder that the full complexity, serendipity and dynamics of market forces, investors, individual visions, entrepreneurial endeavors and regional participation rarely gets a shot at involvement before the renewal steam runs out. Social activists truly committed to helping the urban poor should consider helping them relocate out of distressed cities and into settings more conducive to pursuing life, liberty and happiness. Where life is risky, and crime reduces liberty, pursuit of happiness is severely hampered. It is time to form a moral argument free of bile and acrimony and take it to the outlying regions that owe their lifestyles to regional social problem repositories in urban areas. If troubled cities are to make a comeback, the outward migration of urban poor must begin, coinciding with an inflow of self-reliant urban pioneers. Nothing less than a 1960s style movement in scope and argument will do. Considering the historic resistance to minorities and the poor in the suburbs, the argument should be taken to suburban churches first. Presented with a compelling and irrefutable moral argument, these churches must accept it or reveal a moral, ethical and religious hypocrisy. Here, urban community development activists and church organizations have an important role. In a best case scenario, the suburban churches will spearhead the drive for the end of segregation and integration into their neighborhoods (Davis, 2000). Urbanites in communities with strong values should not fear their values will be overpowered by the pathologies of poverty, but instead will be a powerful influence for good to all who are exposed to them. Any City with a publicly assisted populace of more than 20% must create programs to promote an outflow to the suburbs to have any chance of renewal. Cities can begin by freezing growth of the poverty service industry. Inner City residents who move to stable communities can immediately enjoy the benefits of mainstream American life and its opportunities for building social capital, instead of waiting and taking the risk that renewal benefits, years off into the future, may not materialize at all. Minorities can be assured that modern day discrimination is relatively weak, and is based more on behavior than race. No City can accomplish operational self-sufficiency with a subsidized population exceeding 20%. Courts and legislative bodies recognize the deleterious and burdensome effects of a low income housing market above 20%, by capping obligations at this point. The questionable history of subsidized housings premier programs and experienced practitioners should be enough to scare off Urbanists from getting caught up in it. HUD program known as Section 108 which allows block-grant communities to raise money for loans by floating HUD-backed notes, has a staggering 59 percent default rate. Although government programs are expected to make riskier bets than private banks (whose loan-default rates are typically in the low single digits), the stratospheric failure rate of HUD loans amounts to a squandering of millions of taxpayer dollars, since taxpayers are on the hook for these loan guarantees. It is a rare suburb that has a subsidized housing population approaching anywhere near 20%. The higher a Citys low income housing stock, the less the area appeals to potential newcomers who do not depend on public assistance. Helping as many poor to move out of the City and into better neighborhoods is an important social mission that should endure through all times. It is a mission separate from Urban renewal and should not be commingled.

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Harlem Renaissance: Writers Reacting To Their Political Environmen

The Harlem Renaissance emerged during turbulent times for the world, the United States, and black Americans. World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 had left the world in disorder and stimulated anticolonial movements throughout the third world. In America, twenty years of progressive reform ended with the red scare, race riots, and isolationism throughout 1919 and led to conservative administrations through the twenties. While blacks were stunned by racial violence near the end of the decade and were frustrated by the lack of racial progress that progressivism had made, they were now armed with new civil rights organizations and confronted the approaching decade with new hope and determination. Education and employment opportunities had led to the development of a small black middle class. Few blacks thought that their future lay in the economically depressed rural South and hundreds of thousands migrated to seek prosperity and opportunity in the North. As these more educa ted and socially conscious blacks settled into New York’s neighborhood of Harlem, it developed into the cultural and political center of black America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 1910s also marked the rising of a political agenda advocating racial equality throughout the black community, especially in the growing black middle class. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), founded to fight for the rights of blacks, and black sociologist W. E. B. Du Bois pushed the agenda. Black nationalist Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association’s efforts also reflected the agenda and helped to inspire racial pride among working class blacks in the 1920s. This decade would bear witness to the long struggle against political disenfranchisement in the South and a change from traditional black political alignments in the North. Feminists too, having achieved victory in their campaign for suffrage, still faced more subtle obstacles on their road to equality. In addition, the ghettoization of American cities, the persistence of poverty in the midst of prosperity, and the disproportionate involvemen t of blacks in both of these processes challenged perceptions about the effectiveness of the American system.1 In 1926, professor Alain Locke observed, â€Å"The younger generation is vibrant with a new psychology.† which was shown by a shift from â€Å"†¦soci... ...nce. NY: Doubleday, 1991. Gates, Jr., Henry Louis and McKay, Nellie Y. African American Literature. NY: W.W. Norton and Company, 1997. The Harlem Renaissance. University of North Carolina. 20 March 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Haskins, Jim. The Harlem Renaissance. Brookfield, CT: The Millbrook Press, 1996. Hornsby, Jr., Alton. â€Å"Black Americans.† The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago, World Book, Inc., 1992. Langston Hughes. University of North Carolina. 20 March 2001.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  < http://www.unc.edu/courses/eng81br1/lang2.html>. Lewis, David Levering, ed. The Portable Harlem Renaissance Reader. NY: Viking Penguin, 1994. Meltzer, Milton. The Black Americans: A History in Their Own Words. NY: Ty Crowell, 1984. Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes. 2 vol. NY: Oxford Publishing, 1988. Turner, Darwin T. â€Å"Langston Hughes.† The World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 1992. Wintz, Cary D. Black Culture and the Harlem Renaissance. Houston, Rice University Press, 1988. Wintz, Cary DeCordova. â€Å"Harlem Renaissance.† The Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Danbury, CT: Microsoft, Inc., 1999.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Overpopulation Outline

I. II. III. IV. Overpopulation’s effect on children in China and India in comparison to America’s more balanced population A. Infant mortality rates are higher in countries with an overpopulation problem than in countries that have room to grow. 1. In countries that struggle with overpopulation, such as India and China, the economy is in a constant flux that hinders the advancement of life saving health care. With this one issue out of the equation in America, she is still able to provide the necessary medical care for infants born premature or with dangerous defects that would result in death in other places. . Even if the medicine in such countries was improved, with the amount of people in any given place, it would be a huge undertaking to provide all of them with these new medicines. 3. Since, by definition, overpopulation is an abundance of people, India and China are less concerned about high infant mortality rates. Even though losing a child is terrible anywhere, in America, the death of such a young innocent is more catastrophic than in an overpopulated country. B.India and China struggle with educating their young children, while in some area’s in America children as young as six months are beginning to learn basic language and mathematics. 4. Densely populated countries like India and China have so many people that some of populace simply fall through the cracks. In America, while the education system is not perfect, most children under sixteen are in school. For a child to be aloud by his or her parents to stop attending school is against the law. 5. Children attending school in the United States have the advantage of a 15. :1 student-teacher ratio in public schools and 12. 5:1 ratio in private schools. China’s ratio is closer to 18:1 and India hits an astounding 34:1 ratio. 6. While the US, India, and China all have high percentages of two parents working households, the pre-kinder kids in both India and China are not rec eiving the same attention to preschool education as the children in America. C. With the overabundance of people in India and China, childhood traumas are not treated the same as in America. 7. In overpopulated countries struggling to feed all their people, proper sychological treatment for children who have gone through shocks and distress is low on the list. 8. Some experts think that America tends to overdramatize some traumas in children. Overall children can bounce back and suppress many things unless they are constantly brought up over and over to be sure that a child is coping. This sometimes produced handicaps in adults that would otherwise have not been there. 9. In countries such as India and China where there are so many people to compete with to stand out, family pressures on children to be great result in high suicide rates.Census Bureau Facts for Features: World Statistics Day: Oct. 20. Rep. Lanham: Federal Information & News Dispatch, 2010. Print. â€Å"POPULATION EX PLOSION: In India, Propaganda Overrules Reality. † The Statesman: 1. Aug 28 2004. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 31 Jan. 2013 . Anderson, Gerard F. , and Sotir Hussey Peter. â€Å"Population Aging: A Comparison among Industrialized Countries. † Health affairs 19. 3 (2000): 191-203. ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source; ProQuest Research Library. Web. 31 Jan. 2013. â€Å"India Facts. National Geographic Atlas of the World, Eighth Edition n. d. : n. pag. Web. 1 Feb. 2013. . Si-ming, Li. â€Å"Population Migration and Urbanization in China: A Comparative Analysis of the 1990 Population Census and the 1995 National One Percent Sample Population Survey: IMR IMR. † The International Migration Review 38. 2 (2004): n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 3 Feb. 2013. . The Population Issue: A Third World Women's Perspective. Quezon City, Philippines, Quezon City: Isis International, 1993. GenderWatch. Web. 4 Feb. 2013.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Do violent video games cause bad behavior? Essay

Does playing violent video games pose a threat to the human child mind? Who can forget the little virtual plumber, â€Å"Super Mario†, who squashed Goombas (mushroom shape deviants) and the Koopa Troopas (turtles with running shoes), hurled over Bullet Bills (missile- like creatures), avoided and or sometimes burned the Piranha Plants (who hid in plumbing tubes) with special fire ball powers (that were acquired from a special plant that he consumed), this act of courage and valor was shown through various stages of the game, all in order to save the lovely Princess Peach (ruler of the Mushroom Kingdom) from the ferocious, fire breathing, evil commander of the â€Å"Koopa Troopas† Bowser. â€Å"Super Mario Bros† was one of the games that revolutionized the gaming industry, back in the early 80’s. The game was sort of a comedic genre; it also had action, adventure and a story line behind it, which is what kept the player(s) entertained. Video games such as à ¢â‚¬Å"Super Mario Bros†, a game that started it all, set the bar high for all future video games. The games of today are very; graphical, intense, exhilarating, and violent, but also at often times they can seem very realistic. Most of these games tend to allow the player to pretend or portray the type of character they would like such as; good or bad, human or monster, etc. For example games such as â€Å"Grand Theft Auto† is a game in which the player(s) can go around kill other characters, steal things, do drugs, pick up prostitutes off the streets and engage in ‘certain activities’. Although these contemporary games offer a sense of excitement and also a sense of adrenaline, the disparity between where video games started out offering and what is picked up today is startling. In a world that is so dependent and reliable on technology, society often tends to get too involved and addicted, that they cannot deter fantasy and real life. Craig Anderson Professor of Iowa State University and author of â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence† argues that young children and teenagers should be deterred from violent video games, as they pose a great threat to their psychological state of mind. On the other hand, Henry Jenkins, an MIT Professor and author of â€Å"Reality Bytes: Eight Myths about Video Games Debunk† states that violent  video games are not to blame, for the behavior of children. In â€Å"Reality Bytes: Eight Myths about Video Games Debunk† by Henry Jenkins, Henry argues that violence in general within our youth group, is at it’s all time low, meaning it has decreased over the years tremendously â€Å"According to federal crime statistics, the rate of juvenile violent crime in the United States is at a 30 year low. Researchers find that people serving time for violent crimes typically consume less media before committing their crimes than the average person in the general population† (445). While on the other hand, Anderson’s research claims that, â€Å"Early aggression researchers were interested in discovering how youth learn to be aggressive. Once they discovered observational learning takes place not only when youth see how people behave in the real world but also when they see characters in films and on television.† (445). What Anderson claims here is that children’s behavior development is affected by many factors such as; what they observe other people doing, the environment they live in and the media content they are exposed to on a day-to-day basis. Both writers make excellent claims and show great support of their texts. In actuality, Craig Anderson has had some hands on experience in some of the research done to determine what effects violent video games ha ve on a person, boosting his credibility to the subject. Jenkins goes on to argue, â€Å"no research has found that video games are a primary factor or that violent video game play could turn an otherwise normal person into a killer.† (449-450). Jenkins debunks the idea that violent video games have an effect on a stable person’s mental health. However, Anderson suggests, â€Å"In any field of science, some studies will produce effects that differ from what most studies of that type find. If this weren’t true, then one would need to perform only one study on a particular issue and we would have the â€Å"true† answer. Unfortunately, science is not that simple.† In this statement, Anderson explains that although some research studies have disregarded the effect of violent video games on an audience, it is difficult to determine exactly what the outcome of violent video games may be. Jenkins makes a comment where â€Å"Play allows Kids to express their feelings and impulses† (452). He believes that k ids play these types of video games to express their feelings and blow off some steam. â€Å"Exposing children and adolescents (or â€Å"youth†) to violent visual media increase the likelihood that they will engage in physical aggression against  another person† (445). Here Anderson is saying that violent video games have an effect on the audience behavior and would more likely engage in a violent manner towards another person. Once again both writers have good values in their arguments. While they are both providing good support from actual research that was conducted, for the purpose of seeing how children react to such materials, Jenkins statement quickly dismisses any effect of violent videogames to children. On the other hand, Andersons claim is that there is a negative effect with the exposure of such content, which is proven through various studies. In conclusion Craig Anderson and Henry Jenkins both have great arguments when it comes to whether or not violent video games may or may not cause children to act aggressive to another person. However, the fact of the matter is that all children are different from one another and therefore, you cannot categorize and generalize based on a study that is being conducted on all children the same exact way and therefore the question of â€Å"Does playing violent videogames pose a threat to the human mind?† still remains. Work Cited: Anderson, Craig. â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence.† Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings, Ninth Edition. By John D. Rampage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. New York: Pearson Longman, 2012. 445-48. Print Jenkins, Henry. â€Å"Reality Bytes: Eight Myths about Video Games Debunked.† Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric with Readings, Ninth Edition. By John D. Rampage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. New York: Pearson Longman, 2012. 449-52. Print

Friday, November 8, 2019

Essay about Travel Guide

Essay about Travel Guide Essay about Travel Guide Travel Guide: Paris, France Restaurants in Paris have gourmet food exquisite experiences for everyone to enjoy. Here are some of the restaurant’s the tourists can enjoy. Le Meurice Le Meurice is a fancy restaurant at the hotel Meurice. This restaurant is a bit pricy, but it’s a lavish time for anyone who attends. -Address: 228 rue de Rivoli -lemeurice.com -Open from Lunch Dinner Mon-Fri -Average 200â‚ ¬ Huitretrie Regis Located in the heart of Saint Germain des Pres, Huitretrie Regis specializes in their oysters which are delivered straight from the Atlantic coast. They also serve, depending upon availability, prawns, clams, and sea urchins. -Address: 3 rue de Montfaucon -huitrerieregis.com -Open Tues-Sun for Lunch Dinner -Average 35â‚ ¬ Le Stella Le Stella is one of Paris’ small amount of independent restaurants, and one of the tastiest. Le Stella serves French classics such as onion soup, escargots, sole meunià ¨re, steak tartare, roast lamb and other Gallic standards. -Address: 133, avenue Victor Hugo -Open daily for Lunch Dinner. -Average 35â‚ ¬ Ze Kitchen Galerie Unlike its surrounding galleries, this gallery has a restaurant. The chef here likes to throw Asian flares into their food and restaurant designs. -Address: 4 rue des Grands-Augustins -zekitchengalerie.fr -Open for Lunch Dinner Mon-Sat -Average 55â‚ ¬ Maceo This handsome looking restaurant feeds its guests with amazing plates lined with the freshest vegetables and wonderful dà ©cor. -Address: 15 rue des Petits-Champs -maceorestaurant.com -Open for Lunch Dinner Mon-Fri, Sat Dinner only. -Average 60â‚ ¬ There are many Hotels in Paris. Here are some of the hotels that would suit a couple visiting Paris. Hà ´tel du Jeu de Paume This hotel is perfect for a visiting couple. Almost dead center in the city, and was once the royal tennis court! This hotel is perfect for strolling hand-in-hand, leisurely dinners and kissing while overlooking the Seine River. 221American Dollars + Per night. Chateau de Montvillargenne This is one of the more lovely and unique chateau hotels in the Paris area, and is located 20 miles from the city and a mile from the Chantilly rail station. The stunning castle built in 1900 is the epitome of romance, featuring a whirlpool tub in every finely appointed non-smoking room. There is an indoor pool, a sauna and three golf courses within five minutes of the chateau. (About.com France Travel) 164 American Dollars + Per Night L'Hotel This quaint, boutique style hotel is intimate and inviting for any couple looking for a little Parisian romance. This hip hotel, formerly seeing guests like Oscar Wilde and other authors, is situated in the youthful and artistic Left Bank St. Germain de Pres neighborhood. Couples can spend hours sitting at nearby cafes, gazing into one another's love struck eyes. The themed rooms are stunning and luxurious. (About.com France Travel) 379 American Dollars + Per Night Hotel de Banville In the quieter 17th arrondissement of Paris, this lovely and charming small hotel makes a fine city getaway for romance. Each room features its own unique decor and style. Some rooms feature balconies with views of the Eiffel Tower. The turndown service, robes and slippers make a stay feel indulgent.(About.com France Travel) 188+ American Dollars + Per Night Hotel Britannique If you are a couple on a budget, but you still want the romance of Paris, this is a fabulous cheap hotel. The rooms are small, but hey, it is just the two of you. It has probably one of the most central locations in all of Paris, though, a block from the Seine and in the first arrondissement. 240 American Dollars + Per Night Paris is home to many indoor activities and not your usual ones! Paris has catacombs, museums and coffee shops like no other! Here are just some of the things Paris has to offer. The Louvre and other museums The Louvre museum is one of Paris’ star attractions and

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

10 Facts About Spanish Adverbs

10 Facts About Spanish Adverbs Here are 10 facts about Spanish adverbs that will come in handy to know as you learn Spanish: 1. An adverb is a part of speech that is used to modify the meaning of an adjective, verb, another adverb or an entire sentence. In other words, adverbs in Spanish have basically the same function as they do in English. 2. Most adverbs are formed by taking the singular feminine form of the adjective and adding the suffix -mente. Thus -mente is usually the equivalent of the -ly ending in English. 3. Many of the most common adverbs are short words that dont end in -mente. Among them are aquà ­ (here), bien (well), mal (poorly), no (not), nunca (never) and siempre (always). 4. Regarding placement of adverbs, adverbs that affect the meaning of a verb usually go after the verb, while adverbs that affect the meaning of an adjective or another adverb are usually placed in front of the word they refer to. 5. It is extremely common in Spanish to use an adverbial phrase, usually a phrase of two or three words, where an adverb might be used in English. In fact, in many cases Spanish speakers often prefer adverbial phrases even where a corresponding adverb exists. For example, while the adverb nuevamente, meaning newly or anew, is readily understood, native speakers are much more likely to say de nuevo or otra vez to mean much the same thing. 6. In a series of adverbs that end in -mente, the -mente ending is used on only the final adverb. An example would be in the sentence Puede compartir archivos rpida y fcilmente (You can share files quickly and easily), where the -mente is shared with rpida and fcil. 7. Some nouns act as adverbs even though you might not think of them that way. Common examples are  the days of the week  and  the months. In the sentence Nos vamos el lunes a una cabaà ±a en el campo (Were going away Monday to a cabin in the country), el lunes is functioning as an adverb of time. 8. Occasionally, singular masculine adjectives can function as adverbs, especially in informal speech. Sentences such as canta muy lindo (he/she sings beautifully) and estudia fuerte (he studies hard) can be heard in some areas but sound wrong or overly informal in other areas. Such usage is best avoided except in imitation of native speakers in your locality. 9. Adverbs of doubt or probability that affect the meaning of a verb often require the affected verb to be in the subjunctive mood. Example: Hay muchas cosas que probablemente no sepas sobre mi paà ­s. (There are many things you probably dont know about my country.) 10. When no or another adverb of negation comes before a verb, a negative form can still be used afterward, forming a double negative. Thus a sentence such as No tengo nada (literally, I dont have nothing) is grammatically correct Spanish.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Managing cultural diversity and perceived organizational support Essay

Managing cultural diversity and perceived organizational support - Essay Example The findings did not support this association. However the regression analysis indicated that there is an indirect association between cultural diversity management and affective commitment via perceived organizational support. A real-world example of cultural diversity management can be found in Wal-Mart (Wal-Mart 2009 Sustainability Report). It is a large international discount retail chain which implements a variety of diversity programs in order to create an internationally diverse workforce. Programs such as diversity training and supplier diversity have enabled the multinational company to provide organizational support to minority-owned businesses. This has been a source of competitive advantage globally. The diversity management programs have enabled the company to build an organizational culture that supports employment resourcing effectively internationally.

Friday, November 1, 2019

Perform an investigation and mettalurgical examination of an Essay

Perform an investigation and mettalurgical examination of an industrial component - Essay Example It refers to the procedures used in extracting metals from ore, as well as to the processes related to metals purification and alloy production. It is divided into two subtypes the Process metallurgy and Physical metallurgy. Process metallurgy refers to the ways in producing metals like its refining process through electrolysis or selective oxidation of impurities. On the other hand, Physical Metallurgy studies the structure of metals based on their composition and treatment. It is also concerned with the scientific principles and engineering applications employed in metals fabrication and treatments, and how metal products hold up under their industrial usages. Component manufacturers a lot much of their time in study what type of material is best suited for a certain Products. Every little aspect of the materials is a great issue to them because they want their products to be well equipped for any possible things to happen. They are also concerned to the safety and satisfaction of the Customers. The limitation of their products must be properly stated because they are held liable for whatever accident that might happen in using their products. To perform the said study, we investigate and examined the metallurgy of a gas adaptor (Industrial component). We use gas adaptor as our material because we usually noticed that this material is always exposed to heat and by this we are curious about its composition. We are also concerned with the manufacturing processes of this component on how it comes up to a finished product. This study will enrich our understanding with the proper ways and methods in identifying a certain components, not only of its physical appearance but its chemical composition and capability for a certain application. 1.) We cut a sample of the metal (Gas adaptor), using a metal cutter in a circular shape. In cutting the sample we make sure that it is enough for the investigation. Upon cutting the sample aside from its outside

Wednesday, October 30, 2019

International Comparative Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Comparative Human Resource - Essay Example The following are major functions of the human resource department as identified many organizations with well developed department divisions; Human resource planning (keeping workers records, forecasting, career modelling and succession planning); employment (recruitment, training, selection, testing and orientation); training and development (primary and advanced skills training, devising working programs); labour relation (solving employee concerns, monitoring morale, labour management programs); compensation (incentives, analyses of job performance, salary surveys and performance reviews); workforce benefits (administration of policy, health insurance, designing vacation and sick benefits schemes) (Fisher & Ashkanasy 2000); safety (making sure that the workplace complies with safety regulations like Occupational Safety and Heath Act, supervising security, carrying out possible accident investigations, and evaluation of the physical environment); discipline (policy formulation and coordination, conduction of disciplinary measures); and personnel research (conducting opinion surveys, carrying out the Human resource audit s, and analyzing work related statistics as well as publishing it), Gibb (2001). The understanding of the specific dimensions of the human resource management is very essential for any business o... Man power planning is very essential for any organization of a business firm. This sis because the consequences of the failing to do so are very costly and as such, a firm that is understaffed losses out on the economies of scale of the business and customers, profits and orders. However overstaffing on the other hand is wasteful and very costly at the same time (Johnson 2000, p 69). Basing on the current legitimate handling of workforce issues, it would be difficult to eliminate such a phenomenon because of redundancy payments, time of notice, and consultations. Furthermore, overstaffing discourages the competitive effectiveness of the firm. During planning, it's very essential to take into consideration all the future requirements so the firm and make comparisons with the current resources from which postulations can be made in terms of resources. This step attempts to balance the supply and demand needs. The process of selection and recruiting of workers is the second most critica l function of the business organization (Browne 2000). The first step to be conducted before the recruitment id initiated is the analysis of the work to be carried out (that is the analytical study of the responsibilities to be taken care of and to establish their important aspects) this is then written out in job descriptions so that during the selection those in charge can have a clear indication of exactly what to look for (applicant's mental and physical characteristics) in terms of attitudes, qualities and what are disadvantages (Johnson 2000, p 69). Employee evaluation is a crucial function as an organization needs to continually know the performance of tits

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Womens Sports Foundation Essay Example for Free

The Womens Sports Foundation Essay There are initiatives in place to try and improve the number of women in senior roles. For example, the UK Strategy for Women and Sport (a three year plan that aims to increase the number of women leaders in sport by changing the culture of sport), the Sport Coach Delivery plan. The government has also developed a plan, which aims to 50% female representation on all public bodies (inclusive of all sporting bodies). The effectiveness of these proposals is yet to be discovered. Womens Sport In The Media  Since the growth of womens sport and sport in general, the main way of communicating with the general public has been through the media. Recently there has been a large increase in the different types of media available, apart from the traditional newspaper; there has been an increase in the number of specialist magazines available and numerous Internet websites available to display sporting results, match fixtures and other such information. However, even with the expansion of the media, coverage of womens sport is grossly neglected. Womens sport is rarely shown (with exception to large sports events such as the Olympics) and when it shown their accomplishments is rarely celebrated, instead their private life is often the topic.  Television Radio  The main terrestrial channels and satellite channels rarely show womens sports events; mens sport is often prioritised over womens. For example, in 1993, womens sport only made up 0.5% to 6% of the overall coverage of sports on television and even when female sport was covered, action shots were rare. Newspapers  Newspapers also have a long history of under-representation of womens sport. It is quite common to find absolutely few or no mention of female sports within many newspapers sports section (this is regardless of whether they are a broadsheet newspaper or a tabloid). This can be exemplified by a study between December 2000 to January 2001, which was conducted by The Womens Sport Foundation. After the analysis of 49 different issues of newspapers, they found that out of 701 pages of sports reports, there were 1,564 photographs of men in comparison to just 36 of women. This meant that overall; womens coverage was just 2.3%. The media overall has the ability to define and shape the views of women in sport. Often the coverage that female competitors receive, concentrates on their femininity and treats them as sexual objects rather than a powerful sportsperson. This type of coverage has the effect of undermining womens sports in general, and in limiting the amount of sponsorship that top female athletes receive. The Womens Sports Foundation (WSF) was created in 1984, by women who were concerned by the lack of representation women received in the world of sport. It is funded by the government body Sport England, however since May 2003, the Pentland Group Plc has sponsored them. The aim of the Womens Sports Foundation is to increase the profile of women within many sporting roles. This has been partly achieved by: The National Action Plan for Women and Girls Sport and Physical Activity this was designed to encourage sporting organisations to identify targets and implement actions that would help to address the imbalance between the two genders. The Women into High Performance Coaching Project this was a three-year pilot scheme, (established in 2000 by the foundation and Sports Coach UK) that was created to develop women into senior coaching positions.  The WSF also aims to increase the number of women and girls that are participating in sport.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Ruth Benedict’s Ethnography of Pueblo Culture, Patterns of Culture, and

Response Piece – Silko & Benedict As noted in the response by Janet Tallman, there are three main themes concerning Ruth Benedict’s ethnography of Pueblo culture, Patterns of Culture, and Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony. Both detail the importance of matrilineage, harmony and balance versus change, and ceremonies to the Pueblo Indians. It is important to note that Silko gives the reader a first-hand perspective of this lifestyle (she was raised in the Laguna Pueblo Reservation), while Benedict’s book is written from a third-person point of view. Because of this, it was fairly easy to see how much of the actual culture was overlooked or misinterpreted in Benedict’s work. While the above-mentioned themes about Pueblo Indians were indeed mentioned in her book, Ceremony allows the reader comes away with a better understanding of why they lived as they lived, and how their lifestyle choices impacted every decision they made. As in my first assignment, my interpretation of the books was tha t Silko’s was from a much more personal perspective; a luxury provided because her book is to be enjoyed as a fictional novel instead of an academic text. Set against the backdrop of post-WWII reservation life, the struggles of the Laguna Pueblo culture to maintain its identity while adjusting to the realities of modern day life are even more pronounced in Ceremony. Silko uses a wide range of characters in order to give a voice to as many representatives of her tribe as possible. The main character, Tayo, is the person with whom the reader is more than likely to relate. The story opens with him reliving various phases of his life in flashbacks, and through them, the reader shares his inability to discern reality from delusion, past from present and right from wrong. His days are clouded by his post-war sickness, guilt for being the one to survive while his cousin Rocky is slain, and his inability to cope neither with life on the reservation or in the outside world. He is one of several representations of the beginnings of the Laguna Pueblo youth interacting with modern American culture. Tayo’s aunt (Auntie) is the personification of the Pueblo culture’s staunch opposition to change. She is bound to her life and the people around her; more so because of the various â€Å"disgraces† brought upon her family by her nephew Tayo being a â€Å"half-breed†, her brother Josiah’s love af... ...of looking within themselves for the causes of their misery, they chose to blame the white man for their misfortunes. At the same time, they were causing pain and suffering unto themselves by punishing those who were deemed too different (Emo trying to kill Tayo and settling on Harley) and shunning any changes to life as they knew it. By the end of the novel, Tayo represents the potentially new world for Pueblo culture. As Betonie said, elements in the world began to shift and it became necessary to create new rituals in order to keep the ceremonies strong. This represents a very modern view on Pueblo life (Silko’s) of the price tribe people must pay in order to survive in this world. As shown by Tayo’s final change, Silko sees it as necessary to maintain the essential parts of Pueblo culture in order to maintain the web that connects all its people together; but one must also learn to adapt and accept the new world created around him or her in order to survive. â€Å"Don’t let them stop you,† Betonie said in page 152, â€Å"Don’t let them finish off with this world.† Stagnation is just as damaging as overwhelming change. Leslie Marmon Silko - Ceremony Ruth Benedict - Patterns of Culture

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Guiding Procedures for Response to Emergency Situations

GUIDING PROCEDURES TO RESPOND TO EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS By Maj  ® Muhammad Ijaz Student MS Disaster Management-2012 at NUST (MCE) Introduction Construction projects involve use of heavy machinery, execution of numerous work activities simultaneously. Working environment like in Pakistan where safety culture does not prevail results in increased vulnerability to accidents thus frequent emergency situations on construction projects. The author being a Project Manager on construction projects have experienced number of emergency situation involving loss of life of worker.The Safety Rules requires that the constructor shall establish Emergency Response Procedures for every project, Life Insurance of worker is also mandatory clause of the contract agreement in Pakistan but normally not implemented in letter and sprite. This article will be useful to assist constructors in developing Emergency Response Procedures. Detailed Emergency Plan helps to minimize the human suffering and economic losses that can result from emergencies. It should be understood that the size and complexity of projects, as well as their access and location, have a bearing on the degree of planning necessary for emergencies.It is therefore strongly recommended that the constructor ensure that a member of staff on site assist in developing the emergency response plan. The Planning Process Planning shall begin before any work commences on the project. Although there may be little time between the award of the contract and the start of the project, a good emergency response plan can be generic and, with some minor changes, can be easily adapted to specific sites and readily implemented.This is especially the case where a constructor specializes in similar types of projects. For meaningful Development of Response Plan following considerations should be kept in mind: 1) Identification and assessment of hazard 2) Assessment of resources 3) Mean of communication 4) Implementati on of the plan 5) Basic Principles 6) Sharing the Procedure 7) Post Emergency Consideration Each of these points is explained in the following sections. Identification and assessment of hazardThe process of hazard identification and assessment involves a thorough review that should include, but not be limited to, the following points: †¢ Transportation, materials handling, hoisting, equipment or product installation, temporary structures, material storage, start-up, and commissioning activities †¢ Environmental concerns †¢ Consultation with the client regarding potential hazards when working in or adjacent to operating facilities †¢ Resources such as material safety data sheets (MSDSs) to determine potential hazards from on-site materials. †¢ Proximity to traffic and public ways.Because construction sites are frequently fast-changing, the process of hazard assessment must be ongoing to accommodate the dynamic environment. Once hazards are identified, the nex t task is to assess the potential or risk involved in each. For each hazard identified, ask: †¢ What can go wrong? †¢ What are the consequences? For each potential hazard it is important to identify resources necessary for an appropriate emergency response. For most events in construction, a simple analysis based on the experience of the people involved on the project is likely sufficient.Assessment of resources It is important to identify which resources are available and have contingency plans in place to make up for any deficiencies. The most important resource on most projects will be a provincial rescue system like 1122. It is essential to verify that rescue system is in effect in the area. Most cities of Punjab have a 1122 system in place, but it is important to know the facilities or limitations available in that location. Is a high-reach rescue team available? What is the response time? What must site personnel do in the meantime?Other on-site resources such as fir e extinguishers, spills containment equipment, and first aid kits must be maintained and clearly identified. Construction equipment may be included among potential emergency resources. Personnel, especially on-site medical staff or workers trained in first aid, should be included in the plan. There may be situations where outside resources are so far away that an adequate response is not possible. In these situations, resources may have to be obtained and kept on site. Examples would include fire protection or ambulance/medical resources in remote areas.Whatever the situation may be, people, equipment, facilities, and materials are needed for emergency response. Where they will come from must be determined in advance. Moreover, the people supplying these resources must be made aware of their role in the plan. Mean of communication An important key to effective emergency response is a communications system that can relay accurate information quickly. To do this, reliable communicatio ns equipment must be used, procedures developed, and personnel trained. It is a good idea to have a backup system in place, in case the ystem is rendered useless by the emergency. For example, telephone lines may be cut. The type and location of emergency communication systems must be posted on the project. This will include location of telephones, a list of site personnel with cellular phones or two-way radios, and any other equipment available. Emergency phone numbers and the site address/location should be posted beside all site phones. On large sites, the location of emergency phones must be clearly marked. The poster like Emergency Response can be used to record this and other information.A communication system must be made up of strategically placed equipment and properly defined responsibilities. The emergency response plan posted in a conspicuous place on the project must identify the designated equipment and the people to operate it. Implementation of the plan The task of a dministering and organizing the plan is vital to its effectiveness. The person who has this task will normally be the person in charge of the emergency response operation or may be assigned to Quality Control Manager (QCM).It is their task to ensure that everyone clearly understands their roles and responsibilities within the emergency response plan (a chart may be helpful in this regard), that emergency resources, whether people or equipment, are kept at adequate levels in step with the progress of the project. It is very important to review the emergency plan on a regular basis and especially after an emergency has occurred. Changes may be necessary where deficiencies became apparent as the plan went into operation. Basic Principles An emergency can be reported from any source i. e. orker on site, an outside agency, or the public. Remember that circumstances may change during the course of an emergency. Any procedures you develop must be able to respond to the ongoing situation. T he following list covers basic actions to take in an emergency. These steps apply to almost any emergency and should be followed in sequence. †¢ Stay calm. †¢ Assess the situation. †¢ Take command. †¢ Provide protection. †¢ Aid and manage. †¢ Maintain contacts. †¢ Guide emergency services. Stay calm – Your example can influence others and thereby aid the emergency response.Assess the situation – Determine what happened and what the emergency is. Look at the big picture. What has happened to whom and what will continue to happen if no action is taken? Try to identify the cause that must be controlled to eliminate immediate, ongoing, or further danger. Take command – The most senior person on the scene should take charge and call, or delegate someone to call, emergency services and explain the situation. Assign tasks for controlling the emergency. This action also helps to maintain order and prevent panic.Provide protection †“ Eliminate further losses and safeguard the area. Control the energy source causing the emergency. Protect victims, equipment, materials, environment, and accident scene from continuing damage or further hazards. Divert traffic, suppress fire, prevent objects from falling, shut down equipment or utilities, and take other necessary measures. Preserve the accident scene; only disturb what is essential to maintain life or relieve human suffering and prevent immediate or further losses. Aid and manage – Provide first aid or help those already doing so. Manage personnel at the scene.Organize the workforce for both a headcount and emergency assignments. Direct all workers to a safe location or command post. This makes it easier to identify the missing, control panic, and assign people to emergency duties. Dispatch personnel to guide emergency services on arrival. Maintain contact – Keep emergency services informed of situation. Contact utilities such as SNGPL, SSGPL, Elec tric Supply etc. where required. Alert management and keep them informed. Exercise increasing control over the emergency until immediate hazards are controlled or eliminated and causes can be identified.Guide Emergency Services – Meet services on site. Lead them to emergency scene. Explain ongoing and potential hazards and cause(s), if known. Sharing the Procedure To be effective, an Emergency Response Procedure must be clearly communicated to all site personnel. The following activities should be considered: †¢ Share the procedure with new site subcontractors and new workers to ensure that it covers their activities adequately. †¢ Share the procedure with suppliers to ensure that it covers any hazards that the storage or delivery of their materials might create. Share new work areas in operating plants with owner/client to ensure that new hazards are identified and covered in the procedure. †¢ Share the procedure with the Joint Health and Safety Committee or H ealth and Safety Representative on a regular basis to address new hazards or significant changes in site conditions. †¢ Place the procedure in a conspicuous location. The Emergency Response Procedure for a construction project must continually undergo review and revision to meet changing conditions. Post Emergency ConsiderationThe recovery process, or what happens after the emergency response has been completed, is a critical step in the plan. Many emergency tasks may be handled by people who are not accustomed to dealing with emergencies. People may have seen their work partners and friends badly injured and suffering great pain. Once the emergency is over, the attitude should not be â€Å"Okay, let’s get back to work† or â€Å"Let’s go home. † Some of the people involved may need assistance in order to recover. In some cases professional counselling may be needed.As part of site emergency planning, construction companies should have measures in pla ce to deal with post-traumatic stress. Local hospitals, ambulance services, and medical practitioners may be able to help. Debriefing is necessary to review how well the plan worked in the emergency and to correct any deficiencies that were identified. Debriefing is critical to the success of future emergency response planning. Conclusion Slow response, lack of resources, or the absence of trained personnel will lead to chaos in an emergency.To minimize human suffering and financial losses, all personnel must know their responsibilities under the emergency response plan. Remember – planning for emergencies should include the following points: 1) hazard identification/assessment 2) emergency resources 3) communication systems 4) administration of the plan 5) emergency response procedure 6) communication of the procedure 7) debriefing and post-traumatic stress procedure. The plan should be used to set emergency procedures, implement and communicate the procedures, and ensure th at any required training has been completed.The plan should also be evaluated regularly to ensure that it conforms to current operations and conditions. In any Emergency Response Procedure, the following steps are basic and essential: †¢ Stay calm. †¢ Assess the situation. †¢ Take command. †¢ Provide protection. †¢ Aid and manage. †¢ Maintain contact. †¢ Guide emergency services. Reader must keep in mind that these are generalized guidelines/procedure and not itself an Emergency Response Plan. The plan should be formulated keeping the specific conditions of the project in mind.Though these guideline/procedures are prepared for the professional involved in construction project, however these may serve as useful basis for Emergency Managers working in related sectors like manufacturing plants, quarry sites etc. References Write a manuscript (term-paper) on any article related to disaster response and recovery. Last date of submission is  31 March 2 012. But please must take into an account the following points, while writing the article. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The term-paper is an important part of the academic. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be in the lines of the course/subject parameter, i. . , â€Å"Disaster Response and Recovery† –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be of 7-10 pages. Please don’t expand it by giving unnecessary discussion, be brief and to the point. –  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The article must be supported by at least 12 references at the end of the manuscript which should be arranged in alphabetic order, according to the given style;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Journal Articles; Name of authors, (year), â€Å"Title of the article/paper†, Journal, volume, page, ISSN For Book/Thesis Articles; Name of authors, (year), â€Å"Title of the book/thesis†, (Publishers) For Conference Proceedings;Name of authors, (year with month), â€Å"Title of the article/paper† (Conference theme) For Web-page Articles; (Complete site detail, with date and time) For citation, please follow the given instructions; For one author,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For two authors,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali and Usman, 2012)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For three or more,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Ali et al. 2012) O  Very important point:  Ã‚  Ã‚   The â€Å"Similarity Index† (plagiarism check) must  not exceed 15%. In case of more than 15% the article will be rejected and ZERO marks will be award for this activity. Good luck, wish you all the best ARSHAD