Monday, September 30, 2019

Mental Health Self Reflection Assignment Essay

Introduction Although theoretical preparation clearly is important, there is no substitute for the learning that takes place during clinical experiences. Clinical experience is acknowledged as being the core of nursing education. As nursing student without previews experience in mental health, I was reflecting the same attitude held by general public that mentally ill patient are dangerous, prone to violence, unpredictable, and to some degree responsible for their illnesses. Also, at the beginning of the semester, I felt unprepared, anxious and stressed before starting mental health clinical but the positive relationships with clinical staff gave me confidence and increased my satisfaction with the clinical experience. However, I found that over the course of the clinical experience and through observation and active participation that I started feeling less anxious and more comfortable interacting with the patients in the facility. Narrative The few first clinical days, I was fearful to be around patients suffering mental illness such as anxiety disorder, mood disorder, psychotic disorder, personality disorder and so on. I felt that one of those patient may smack me or hit me , especially that on the first day of clinical one of the patient in the facility was right on the back of one the student sniffing on her hair. After time in the facility, I start feeling a little more comfortable around the patient. Then a different fear start, which is how to pick the right words in the right situation .for instance, a hallucinating patient start making a story from the picture of the celebrities on the magazines on the table of the lunch room, at that time I felt that my theoretical learning would not help me on how to communicate with this patient. So, my only option was to keep listening to him, show interest in his stories and give little to no feedback by nodding my head as I did understand the subject of the conversation. Furthermore, many times I felt that I had become very emotional and had empathy toward young girls’  patients especially those who got physically or sexually assaulted by close family member. For example, a teenage girl who was sexually assaulted by her grandfather and what worsen the situation that her mother knows but she didn’t do anything to help her. Also, another situation where a young female women in her early twenties had made many attempt to commit suicide.As a result of absent family support after her mother passed away when she was 15 years old, her father have another family in Japan and she was sexually abused by her own brother. As a woman and a mother of two girls, I felt that I cannot stand those kinds of situations where I had to be very careful, patient and cautious all at one time. However as nurse student, I was trying hard to separate between my feeling and clinical setting and to keep acting and responding to patient in an appropriate professional way. Clinical setting was a great learning experience for me as I got to see how mentally ill patient in the real world instead of a bunch of descriptive words in the psychology book. For example Miss P diagnosis was psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. I was very impressed to see this patient bizarre behaviors during a ten minutes team meeting in which the patient flip from showing a strong personality at the beginning, to an angry person in a few minutes later, to be an actor ,then laugh then cry then laugh again in such a short period of time. Moreover, I felt that the nurses and staff provided to me and other students a welcoming and relaxed atmosphere by answering our questions, allowing us to join staff meeting and group therapy and counseling. In my opinion, the stuff attitude toward student is an important component in creating a positive clinical experience. Literature review These negative and stigmatizing attitudes seem to be more prevalent at the begening of the nursing program with more positive attitudes reported by students in their final year of training (McCann et al., 2010, p. 34) these attitudes appear to have a significant influence on nursing students’ career choices. However, orientation to the clinical areas should not only familiarize students to the physical environment and policies and procedures relevant to the clinical setting, but also must acknowledge students’ anxiety and offer students strategies to address this. The lack of experience contributes to student stress in clinical practice and can lead  to nursing students being confused about their roles (Grav, Juul, & Hellzen, 2010). AS a result, students often demonstrate a lack of confidence and a sense of inadequacy with their role of therapeutic interaction. Therefore, clinical staff and nurse educators need to be effective in anticipating and alleviating clinical stress for students. It is important that educators encourage students to advocate the people they are working with, but to do this, students need support. Emotional support is identified as being an important component of the role of both the clinical mentor/preceptor and the academic lecturer/instructor (Koskinen et al.,2011). However, with appropriate support nursing students will grow in skills, knowledge and confidence throughout their clinical experience. Conclusion Through the clinical experience, I have learned something new about myself. I have learned basic counseling skills by listening to the patient, identifying potential problems, empathizing with him and providing basic care to prevent further problem. I didn’t know that with just a few simple words of encouragement and empathy, it could please and calm a mentally ill patient. Communication can make the patient, feel relaxed and cheerful. For example Miss H end up in the facility as a result of an attempt to commit suicide. In addition to medication, one to one therapy and group therapy helped Miss H to look at the reasons and causes which led her to find life meaningless and thinking of death as an escape. Finally, I have learned that supporting recovery requires a cultural awareness embedded in the vision of values and trust (NHS, Scotland, 2011). Therefore, this working relationship to recovery is a very valuable process which puts the responsibility on promoting personal and professional growth and understanding. To conclude, I hope to improve further in my psychosocial and counseling skills as I continue my journey in nursing. References References Koskinen, L., Mikkonen, I., & Jokinen, P. (2011). Learning from the world of mental health care: nursing students’ narratives. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 18(7), 622-628. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01711.x NHS Scotland, (2010) An Evaluation of the Impact of the Dissemination of Educational Resources to Support Values-Based and Recovery-Focused Recovery Learning Materials. McCann, T., Clark, E., & Lu, S. (2010). Bachelor of Nursing students career choices: A three year longitudinal study. Nurse Education Today, 30(1), 31-36. Grav, S., Juul, E. M. L., & Hellzen, O. (2010). Undergraduate nursing student experiences of their mental health clinical placement. Nordic Journal of Nursing Research & Clinical Studies / Và ¥rd i Norden, 30(1), 4-8.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal

Gay marriage should be legalized. Our civil rights and the Constitution give us many liberties. One of our civil liberties is the pursuit of happiness, which homosexual people are not allowed to chase. They cannot be married to the person they love and it violates their freedoms. According to professorshouse. com, â€Å"In Alaska, Nevada, Montana, Oregon, Utah, Nebraska, Missouri, Michigan, North Dakota, Ohio, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Kansas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Texas, and Alabama, not only is gay marriage banned, but so are civil partnerships.   The 1st amendment of the Constitution states that a person’s religious beliefs or a lack of thereof must be protected. Legislatures also cannot discriminate against marriages of the minority party which, homosexual people fall into that category. There is also an amendment stating there is separation of church and state, so you cannot declare that a marriage is a gift from God. Others might ask why gay marriage sh ould be legalized, but my question is this: why should other people be able to choose who marries who? If a man and a woman get married, no one seems to care.They are two people who feel affection for one another and those two people want to start a family. If we change the scenario a little bit and a man and a man, or a woman and a woman, try to get married it causes uproar. They are not allowed to be married or raise a family together. Imagine waking up one day to a world that was completely opposite from the world we went to sleep in, meaning gay people are now straight and all straight people are now gay. Do you think the newly straight people would fight for the newly homosexual people’s rights?America is the land of the free, but we are not free to marry whomever we would like. After everything straight people have put homosexual people through, in this scenario, homosexual people would most likely vote for their rights because they would want their rights to be voted f or. We are equals in this world whether we are Black, White, Hispanic, Indian, or any other race for that matter. Why should we not be equals based on sexual orientation? In a marriage there is one thing that truly matters: love.Yes, other things are important too, but not one couple would make it to even asking someone to marry them if there was not some love. Las Vegas, Nevada is also known for being the place where many weddings occur which are annulled within one week. These marriages are not based off love, but simply a drunken night in Vegas. High divorce rates weaken what a marriage is defined as. Why are we not able to rewrite what a marriage stands for and make it include a homosexual marriage? The definition of love, according to dictionary. com is as follows: â€Å"Very strong affection: an intense feeling of tender affection and compassion. If gay people feel this way then why shouldn’t they be able to be married? If they are happy with each other, said persons s hould be able to marry. California, Hawaii, New York, and the District of Columbia all have domestic partnership laws and civil partnerships meaning it is almost a marriage without the matrimony. Civil partnerships also give couples the ability to have joint bank accounts, live in the same house, and pay bills together. Homosexual couples are not entitled to this in most states. Marriage benefits should be available to all couples, no matter what.In places where gay marriages are banned, the gay couples are not able to have the same benefits as others. When filing for health care or insurance through a job, gay couples are not able to add each other on. Most loved ones, such as a spouse or a child, in a straight marriage, can make life altering decisions in a hospital if need be. Since gay marriage is not legal, said person’s spouse is not recognized as their next of kin and care is delayed. Who would be affected if homosexual marriage was legalized? No one. Everyone believes there is one person who is out there to love us.Gay people feel the same way. Parenthood is a benefit of marriage and gay couples cannot have children by themselves, without some type of help, so they look to adoption agencies. In some cases gay couples are put on longer waiting lists or denied completely. There are other benefits to being married as well, such as tax breaks. On the website professorshouse. com it reads, â€Å"When we hit our mid-thirties, we wanted only true friendships- friendships that were durable. † This is a perfect example of matrimony and what it should be based on. . According to dictionary. om a marriage is, â€Å"The legal or religious ceremony that formalizes the decision of two people to live as a married couple, including the accompanying social festivities. † If this is a marriage why are gay people not included in this? Even though gay marriage should be legalized, some people have different beliefs. In most religions including, Christ ianity, Islam, and Orthodox Judaism same sex preferences are a sin. People believe in procreation to repopulate the world, but are against gay marriage and homosexuals adopting children because they cannot procreate on their own.If this is a stand point on making or breaking gay marriage then only people who are fertile and want to procreate should be able to get married according to this bias. America has never really given gay marriage a chance, but they believe gay marriage will weaken its institution by leading to high divorce rates. On loveandpride. com I read, â€Å"One reason legislatures are denying gay marriage is because they are fearful that opening the door to allowing gay marriages will open the door to polygamy as well. This would also mean reopening cases about polygamy in the past which they are not willing to do. Others are fearful for children’s futures and they fear being raised by two fathers or by two mothers may compromise children’s mental capac ities. Even though to most people gay marriage should be illegal and should stay in its current state, I believe we need to change the world for future generations. We feared that different religions were going to clash, but now all of the religions coexist. White people had Black and Hispanic slaves, but we overcame the odds and now White men, Black men, and Hispanic men can be equals.If it is possible to overcome such fierce obstacles then we can overcome the boundary obstructing gay marriages and straight marriages alike. Gay marriage should be legalized for these reasons. Evolution will always continue and at any given point in time, something will occur that we will not like in this world, but we can overcome this. Gay marriage is a controversial issue that people have been fighting for years and it has finally come to the surface. We should take charge of it.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Book Review Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Book Review Questions - Essay Example book draws conclusions based on Talmudic tradition in the creation of Elishas framework life, Steinberg wrote that the novel is developed from historical data .The data does not include any efforts of rigid conformity and literal confinement. The American Jewish literature is spirited and forms a classic historical explanation of ancient apostate Elisha Abuyah within the first century. An integral component of the story is a question relating to faith and loss of faith coupled with the rebellion and repression of the Jews to Palestine rule. Elisha is displayed as a leading scholar across Palestine who is elected into Sanhedrin; that is the top-most Jewish court for the land. However, two major tragedies awaken a series of doubt on Elishas mind about God (Steinberg 90). The doubt suppressed his faith. He journeyed into Antioch at Syria to start the conquest through Roman and Greek culture for fundamental truth and was declared an excommunicated and heretic from Jewish communities. The process of narrative illustrates Elisha having direct encounters of the force of the all-consuming culture in ancient Romans. Elisha also forced Rome’s power in choosing between loyalty to people or to own quest for truth. The people were rebelling against domination by the emperor. The Chosen narrates of a friendship after World War II between two Jewish boys who grow up in Brooklyn. The narrator and a protagonist are traditional Orthodox Jews. The character appears to have extreme dedication for scholarly work and humanitarianism. Other protagonists are brilliant and have photographic memory and passion in psychoanalysis. Over time, the story shows that the friendship developing between the two boys is marred with tensions arising from collision of cultures to each other. Modern American society also causes strain on the friendship (Potok 132). The literary themes in the book are inclusive of widespread references of senses like sight and pursuit of truth in the world. Reb

Friday, September 27, 2019

Agreements on Trade Barriers Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Agreements on Trade Barriers - Coursework Example The most common way of limiting the number of imports into a country is to increase the taxes levied on imports. These taxes are increased by the government with the aim to ensure that the demand for local goods is promoted and the demand for international goods is decreased. When taxes on imports are increased, the cost of imported goods increases thus the domestic consumers find the locally produced goods cheaper which in turn aids local producers. One example of tariffs is the Tariff Act of 1930, this act was put into action to decrease imports and increase consumption of locally produced goods and services as the US was experiencing the Great Depression during that time (ILIAS, 2008, p.2). Tariffs are even levied on exports to limit the outflow of resources as well as locally produced goods, but these tariffs have mostly hurt local businesses due to which they are quite rarely applied. Another policy that has been put into a position to reduce the imports of goods and services is restricting the number of particular goods and services being imported. When the number of goods being imported into a country is restricted, the imported good becomes short and the prices of these goods increase locally due to which domestic consumers see locally produced items as a favorable option. For example: during the era f 2010, Mexico restricted the amount of sugar being imported into the country to two hundred and fifty tons (SCHMITZ, 2005, p.212).The above-stated trade barriers are direct trade barriers levied by a country on imports and exports of goods and services. Countries even use indirect means to restrict the import of international goods and services. These restrictions are levied in face of standards of goods and services being imported by a country. For example, the US has restricted imports of those goods and services in which child labor is involved. Due to this, those countries that use child labor to produce goods and services can not export their goods an d services to the US. The first world countries have a practice of dumping their old products or used products in third world countries at cheaper prices, due to which the locals of third world countries find these goods more favorable and they heavily import used products. The governments of third world countries have applied restrictions in form of quotas and tariffs to reduce the import of such goods and services to save their local businesses. Governments provide a subsidy to local producers of those goods and services that are being heavily imported. This is done to decrease the cost of locally produced goods and services to make local goods and services much favorable than imported ones.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

FOUNDATIONS FOR RESEARCH Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FOUNDATIONS FOR RESEARCH - Essay Example To amend this gap in knowledge about mood disorders in adolescents, it has been claimed that theoretical perspectives should develop from adolescents’ understanding and experiences (Griez 2005: 47). If not, the theorising process will continue to be removed from the perspectives of individuals who have really experienced mood disorders (Wolfe & Mash 2008: 83). The objective of the aforementioned study was to generate a theoretical perspective that essentially represented the perceptions of adolescents who had experienced mood disorders. Lewis (1995:372) investigated, employing qualitative methods, how participants personally experienced mood disorders, how they reached and perceived the label of mood disorder, and how they understood their experiences. In addition, Karp (1996: 91), in Speaking of Sadness, explained the identity-changing process that participants experienced as they eventually viewed themselves as depressed and carried on theorising about their own selves and h ow they acquired their mood disorders. In this paper, a thorough discussion on the different features of the grounded theory method will be provided by presenting an original research article, Meadus’s (2007) study, which contains the grounded theory method. The Application of Grounded Theory in Mood Disorder Research The grounded theory method, according to Straus & Corbin (1990), the goal of which is to form a theory that is closely related to the reality of the adolescents studied was used in the study of Meadus (2007). Through the grounded theory method, theory arises from evaluating the actual statements given by the participants, and is hence genuinely ‘grounded’ in them (Strauss & Corbin 1990: 17). However, the problem in using an inductive research method for mood disorder research, according to Griez (2005: 72), is that it inevitably results in analyses that go beyond the statements given by the participants. Stiles (1993) suggests that participants give relevant information to the researcher, but that the researcher should analyse that data to form a reflective theory. Meanwhile, reflexivity obliges the researcher to thoroughly think about the research process, which involves probing how strongly the interpretations of the researcher fit with the perspectives of the participants (Rennie, Phillips, & Quartaro 1988: 143). The grounded theory method was employed in the study of Meadus (2007) because it allowed a methodical analysis that enabled the creation of a theoretical perspective that was strongly connected to, otherwise ideally representative of, the explanations of the participants. According to Merriam (2009: 30), data analysis in grounded theory is performed using the constant-comparative method in which bits and pieces of data are compared in terms of their similarities and differences. Merriam (2009: 31-32) furthers that part of the data analysis is the identification of a core category. The core category is the central c oncept where all data revolves around and this is used to develop the substantive theory. Emphasis is given on the importance of identifying categories, hypotheses, and theories from the patterns seen among the relationships formed from the data gathered. To better understand the features of a grounded theory, the research of

The Story of Wall-Mart Success Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Story of Wall-Mart Success - Research Paper Example The company in order to position itself as the lowest cost retailer had to adopt many strategies that even include effectively managing their operating costs so that they do not have to compromise on the profit margins. The company is not only the largest retailer across the globe but is also the biggest employer and has a large base of employees.  The company in order to position itself as the lowest cost retailer had to adopt many strategies that even include effectively managing their operating costs so that they do not have to compromise on the profit margins. The company is not only the largest retailer across the globe but is also the biggest employer and has a large base of employees.  Reasons behind Wal-Mart behind the best in the retail industry   Wal-Mart has been able to prove itself as one of the largest retailers across the globe. The company has been able to maintain an image of a retailer that offers the best of cheapest products in comparison to all the other pl ayers in the retail industry. The company has set its mark as the only retail chain that has not only been successful in the home country but has also been able to set high standards in the international markets. The company achieves the rank of being best retailer not only through its low-cost products but also through the customer service that it offers to its customers. The company maintains a team of well-trained professionals and they are divided into various departments so that there is a smooth flow of operations. The company has also achieved the image of being the most attractive employer in the retail industry. To be best in a particular industry can be analyzed through the revenue margins and the profit levels that are achieved by a company in comparison to other players in the market. Wal-Mart is known to be the best in the retail sector as its revenue margins have always grown down the line. The company is the topmost retailer across the globe in terms of revenue (Fishm an 113).The other factor that states that the company is the best in the retail sector is that it has been able to maintain a steady growth down the years and unlike other competitors has not seen any kind of turmoil in its business operations. Also, the company operates across various regions and offers a wide range of products, and the company even imports different kinds of consumer goods and electronics in the United States. The wide range of activities that the company performs also has been well supported by its association with all the local communities which has proved that the company is socially responsible. The company performs all kinds of activities may that be getting associated with all form of environmental concern issue or may that be extending their support and help to the weaker sections of the company.  

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Agriculture on Rainforest(Amazon Tropical) soil Essay

Agriculture on Rainforest(Amazon Tropical) soil - Essay Example nstitutions have drawn on contrasting perceptions of cause as they try to shape policies and programs dealing with the environmental impacts of development. Yet the importance of perceptual (emic-type) differences among social groups and progressive institutions has not been addressed in the growing corpus of work worried with environment-development issues. The present study examines miscellaneous perceptions of the causes of soil corrosion among inhabitants and institutions in Amazon Basin. According to recent accounts, soil erosion in the Amazon "heartland" and several other flat terrain regions of Brazilian Amazon Basin constitutes a unhelpful environmental hazard that degrades farm and grazing lands and increases flooding, desertification, and dust storms. Estimates indicate that 64 percent, or 790 square kilometres, of the land surface in Amazon is at least reasonably eroded, and approximations of annual soil erosion vary between 50 and 150 tons per hectare, well above rates of soil formation. These figures indicates an erosion dilemma that exceeds even the harsh national situation: a recent report released by the Brazilian Ministry of Peasant Agriculture and Ranching (RACA), and published in two major newspapers, estimates that between 35 and 41 percent of the country at present display moderate or extreme soil erosion. For many people and institutions in Brazil, soil erosion has become an issue of considerable alarm. Articulated perceptions (discourses) of the causes of soil erosion assess here include three groups of residents and institutions in Brazil: government institutions and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), peasants in their individual perspectives, and rural trade unions. Each group has articulated concern about the recent erosion dilemma, its impacts and possible solutions. The articulated perceptions typical of each group are represented in informal accounts made in 1991 and in published and unpublished documents. These were assembled in

Monday, September 23, 2019

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry Essay

Diana Coole and Samantha Frost argue that social and political enquiry needs a new ontology which incorporates matter. Why Wha - Essay Example Coole and Frost insist that emerging realities in the fields of sciences, arts, geography, and other disciplines are sufficient proof that matter contains more active and viable qualities that previously thought. A precise understanding of the case made by the two thinkers regarding the need for ontological reviews of political and social inquiries should begin with an assessment of the new qualities, which they assign to matter. Coole and Frost argue that matter is an excess and a force (Coole & Frost, 2010). By this, they imply that it can influence actions, activities, and processes in as many areas as it is represented. Furthermore, the two philosophers adopt the position that matter has some form of relationality and an element of difference. According to their argument, these qualities make matter active, unpredictable, self-creative, and productive. These new perceptions of matter foster alternative views regarding the influence and relationship between matter and discourses s uch as political and social realities. Coole and Frost engages significantly with the problem of dualism, which poses problems in dealing with the cultural theory. Within the context of new materialism, the two authors seek to entrench the view that the mind is essentially a material entity. By this position, new materialism challenges the views adopted by transcendentalism and humanism, which emphasize on the duality between the mind and the body. New materialism suggests that the body is the object of the mind and the two are not entirely separate but relate in one uniform continuum. It is important to regard new materialism in light of the different aspects that relate to it. For instance, by emphasizing on the primacy of the material, this new approach promotes the matter to a level that articulates various concerns that relate to the characteristic of various discourses. Other proponents of the position adopted by Coole and Frost suggest that matter feels, suffers, yearns, conv erses, desires, and remembers. Following this position, it is possible to demonstrate that the essence of all reality is resident in matter. The arguments presented by Coole and Frost have the effect of affirming the cultural theory by challenging the foundations on which modernism and post-modernism are founded. The elimination of the Cartesian divide between the mind and the body resolves one of the fundamental philosophical problems that continue to engage different schools of philosophers. It might be argued that the weight of the evidence presented in the work of the two philosophers draws significantly from the ordinary experiences and the transformations in reality as manifest in the emerging changes in nearly all spheres of life. The focus on matter changes the course of the debate between the essence of the body in ways that redefine a wide range of discourses including feminism, gender differences, sexuality, and other realities that seek to demonstrate the link between th e mind, the self, and the body (Dyke, 1987, p. 106). Another important problem that the two philosophers seek to explore is the place of justice and ethics within the context of new materialism. Their perspectives on this matter are that the values of justice and ethics are part of matter as understood within the bigger picture of materialism. This position is

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Evaluate Aristotle's theory or view of Friendship( Nicomecheani Research Paper

Evaluate Aristotle's theory or view of Friendship( Nicomecheani - Research Paper Example The basis of Aristotle’s thoughts on friendship comes through observing everyday individuals. In his opinion no one would choose not to have friends (Aristotle 1155a5). The need for friends is an inheritably based human requirement. Aristotle went on to describe who needed friends: Aristotle defined friendship as two people having goodwill for each other and being aware of the fact (1155b35). He went on to define goodwill as useful, good, and love of contentment (1155b35). Goodwill for a friend is to wish good things to happen for one’s friend. Not everything is considered a good thing according to Aristotle. He would not want to wish his friend to become a God because their friendship would end due to the inequality of the relationship. Another wish that would not be goodwill is to wish for everything to be good for your friend, because it would take from your own personal happiness. Aristotle thought to be a good friend; one had to be a friend to oneself first. There are three types of friendship. The first is friendship by acquaintance. The second is friendship by location. Finally, the third friendship is best friendship. Acquaintance friendship is those who meet each other on voyages. They share a voyage or trip, then might or might not keep in touch after the trip is over. These friendships tend to be fleeting. Some might develop into a deeper friendship, but not many. Soldiers are another type of acquaintance friendship. Location friendship is the friendships forged between neighbors and city dwellers. These types of friendships are necessary due to the tranquility needed in individuals that see each other everyday. Without this type of friendship, city states would have fallen during Aristotle’s time. Cities would not be able to function without the cooperation and goodwill of the citizens. Types of location friendships are neighborhoods, cities, and other places where individuals are friends due to location. These location friends make up

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Eddie and Beatrice Essay Example for Free

Eddie and Beatrice Essay Of all the characters in the play, Marco is the one most responsible for the death of Eddie Carbone Do you agree? Consider all the characters in the play who are likely to be involved. Form your own conclusion from evidence, and use six characters minimum. I am going to write an essay about who I think is the most responsible for Eddie Carbones death. I will also say whether I think Marco is the most responsible. I will talk about the different characters, and say what I think makes them responsible/not responsible for his death. Then I will give my conclusion as to whom I think is the most responsible. The characters that I am going to use for my essay are Marco, Eddie, Rodolfo, Alfieri, Catherine and Beatrice and I will write about them in that order. In the beginning Marco was a very nice man. He did not want to put Eddie and Beatrice out, and was always very friendly with them. There was never much conflict between himself and Eddie, they would talk about his family and how he was going to help his children get better. This is illustrated when Beatrice asks Marco if his wife is getting the money ok, and he replies Oh, yes. She bought medicine for my boy. Also when they are talking about money in the beginning, Marco is very eager to send his wife as much money as he can, as soon as possible. He says Because I could send them a little more if I stay here and, I want to send right away maybe twenty dollars. This shows Marco is a very caring man, and wants the best for his wife and children. Then, Eddie started to become jealous of Rodolfo and when they were talking about Marcos family it lead to respecting women, and it was like Eddie was trying to warn Rodolfo away from Catherine. Eddie starts to become very jealous and angry now, and says to Rodolfo, It aint so free here either Rodolfo, like you think Then Rodolfo tells him he does respect her and Eddie starts to talk about just taking away girls. Eddie says I know, but in your town you wouldnt just drag off some girl without permission, I mean (he turns) you know what I mean Marco? Marco replies (cautiously) yes. It was after this that things started to change between them. Eddie tried to teach Rodolfo how to box, but ended up hitting him too hard. Marco then showed Eddie that he could be strong too, by testing his strength: He kneels, grasps and with strain slowly raises the chair higher and higher. Eddies grin vanishes as he absorbs his look. Eddie couldnt lift the chair but Marco could, this was showing Eddie that he (Marco) could be twice as strong as him, and was like saying I can be strong too, Im warning you I also think this was like telling Eddie that, if he wanted to fight Rodolfo, then he would have to fight him as well. I dont think Marco is exactly to blame for Eddies death, because Eddie should have been warned and left it at that. Instead he went to the immigration service. Marco was right to be furious at Eddie who wouldnt be? He was trying to help his family to get better, and wanted them to have a better life, and now all this would go to waste. Then when Eddie brought the knife out and was about to use it on Marco I think it was an act of self-defence when Marco turned the knife around. Eddie went down with the blow of Marco punching him on the neck (because he lunged for him), and then just as Marco is about to stomp on him he brings out the knife. Eddie lunges with the knife. Marco grabs his arm, turning the blade inward and pressing it home Eddie was over-protective towards Catherine right from the start. When she wanted to go ahead with the job her principle had told her to try for he tried to stop her from going a sign that he didnt want her to leave, in case she liked it and wanted to start her own life. Eddie tells Catherine she is walking wavy This shows Eddies concern extends to the way Catherine walks. When Marco and Rodolfo came to stay, things just went from bad to worse. Eddie started being suspicious of Catherine and Rodolfo all the time, and would have a go at Rodolfo. Eddie says I know, but you wouldnt just drag off some girl without permission Eddie is accusing Rodolfo of dragging Catherine off without his permission, and saying he has no respect in for women in doing this. I think Eddie is to blame for his own death, because if he hadnt been so over-protective and jealous none of this would have happened. Another time Louis and Mike ask Eddie if he would like to go bowling with them, but he says no, hes expected at home.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Assessment Strategies for Child Observation Study

Assessment Strategies for Child Observation Study Assessment in the ECE Curriculum – Assignment 2 My Belief I strongly believe that assessment is not just based on teacher’s observations and comments. Assessment has to be interactive, together with children and families, all of us will be actively involved in the process of documenting and analysing the information. As my school is inspired by Reggio Emilia, I also believe that documentation is important as it builds up a classroom community. It engages parents, children and teachers to think about the process of learning and adding value to the child’s learning (Seitz, 2008). Assessment Tools and Techniques Apart being informed by the Nurturing Early Learners, a curriculum framework, my school has also created their own set of cutting edge curriculum that will inform of the school’s programme. The curriculum focuses children’s langauge and communication skills, cognitive skills, creative expression, sensory and motor skills, and personal and social development (The Odyssey Global Preschool, 2014). The curriculum experiences promote learning of skills, concepts and content through play, where children make sense of the world and people around them, investigate the world, form and engage in active social interactions (The Odyssey Global Preschool, 2014). The Nurturing Early Learners have provided a framework and highlights the importance of observing and assessing children. It is an on-going and part of the teaching and learning process which includes observing, documenting and interpreting information to find out what children know and understand and plan to build on their learning (MOE, 2012). Based on the learning experience which I had planned, these are the assessment tools and technique I feel that it is appropriate to use to assess the children. Taking Photographs and Documentation Teachers can collect information about children’s learning and development through organised observations and documentation. Taking photographs is one of the useful ways to document down what did the child did in a particular activity. When a photograph is taken, teachers would need to reflect the date the picture was taken, together with the description of the specific activity and the learning goals or learning disposition that the child has achieved or developed (MOE, 2012). Learning Story The learning story approach focuses on the children’s strengths within a social and cultural context, making children’s ability more transparent and explicit (Arthur, Beecher, Death, Dockett Farmer, 2015). The learning story sets as a basis to give credit to the child’s competency, narrating the situations when children show interest, and communicating with peers and adults when they are challenged with a task (Arthur et al., 2015). In Hatherly’s research recommended that learning stories helped families to see the literacy that is embedded in everyday experiences within the early childhood setting (Arthur et al., 2015). When parents have the learning story, they can add comments and make suggestions to the learning story as families provides the child’s learning experiences at home. Learning stories can also be created together with children’s words, drawings and photographs and children can contribute to the analysis and future planning (Arthur et al., 2015). In addition, photographs can be added to enhance the learning stories. Carr and Lee (as cited in Arthur et al., 2015) can be a tool for sustained shared thinking as it helps children to reflect their learning and to make connections between past and present experiences, thus providing continuity of learning (Arthur et al., 2015). Checklists Another assessment tool I would use will be checklist. The focus area which I will be looking at will be more on the communication and language area and physical area. This assessment tool serves as additional information and a summary of the children’s development. As I have to observe a group of children, it is useful for teachers and in this case, the checklist allows me to see an overall pattern in what the children are at now (Arthur et al., 2015). However, this checklist will not be used alone. It will support the learning story and as well as the photograph documentation. There is a combination of the assessment techniques which I will be using based on the assessment tools which I had discussed earlier. Assessment for learning is will be the main assessment technique selected. There is an on-going process of documenting and analysing after observing the children and planning for future learning experiences for the children to be engaged in. As assessment for learning is formative, the process of collecting information, interpreting the information is continuous so that teachers can plan, reflect, and evaluate their learning (Arthur et al., 2015). In this case, the learning, mainly the skills which I would like to achieve in the learning activity will be cutting, pouring of fruits, understand the steps of preparing fruit pancake and introducing other types of fruits to the children. Language skills will also be involved when they interact with each other. The children would definitely need a period of time to acquire the skills; hence, teachers will d ocument the process and plan other activities to support the children to achieve their goals. In this case, if the fruits are slightly harder to cut, teachers can consider changing to softer fruits such as banana or strawberries. Assessment of learning is also part of the assessment technique when the checklist is used to assess the children. The children will be observed based on the milestone checklist provided by my school. This allows me to have an insight on how many children are able to control the butter knife and cut the fruits. Children’s Involvement in Assessment Procedure As the learning experience will spread over a period of time, children will assess their own learning as they develop their own understandings. In assessment as learning technique, children will document their own learning and reflecting on their learning process (Arthur et al., 2015) through various ways such as drawings, showcasing their skills to their parents. Parents Involvement in Assessment Procedure In order to have successful collaborative partnerships between teachers and family, both parties have to make a commitment to share relevant information and are built on mutual benefit (Arthur et al., 2015). In my school setting, are involved actively in the assessment procedure and in my school, various communication methods are available to reach out to the parents. Ongoing conversations After the learning experience which the children were engaged in, I do share with the parents verbally and would encourage the parents to extend their learning at home. The classroom will be the place where parents are welcome in to speak to any of the class teachers on their child’s progress. Apart from verbal communications, emails and phones are available for parents and teachers to stay connected. Pre Parent Teacher Conference feedback / Post Parent Teacher feedback The feedback form will be sent to parents before the meet up and after the parent teacher conference. This is to better understand how the child is doing at home and how we can support the child at school. Sharing Thoughts on their Child’s Work When the documentation is being put up in the classroom, there will be a space for parents to share their thoughts and comments on the children’s work. These comments will then be read to the children and this created an interactive of involving parents in the assessment. Evaluation Vygotsky’s described learning to social interactive, rather to be taught individually (Arthur et al., 2015). Rogoff has also further argued that â€Å"interactions and relationships are the core of effective learning environments and that there is a complex relationship between learning and development (Arthur et al., 2015, p. 91.). Rogoff’s three foci lenses have helped me in understanding children’s learning. Social cultural view has to be considering when we understand the child’s learning. Children from different home and cultural context will build on their individual learning through guided participation in social interactions at the school. Drawing on Rogoff’s lenses, social cultural activity can be analysed to understand how children learn through the transformation of participation (Bartlett, 2009). I felt that the assessment techniques used were appropriate. I am able to give critical analysis of what the children have achieved through a series of documentation and photographs. The parents enjoyed reading the documentations of what the children have experienced in this learning journey. They shared with me that pictures really helped them to understand the process that the children had went through, together with the description. From the learning experience which I implemented, I took pictures of children being engaged in exploring fruits to cutting of fruits. Apart taking photographs of children’s completed work, in this case the pieces of fruits that they had cut, I also captured children’s action and responses when they were exploring the fruits. These were documented in the classroom where children can revisit and reflect on their experiences. As the children were aged around three years old, the photographs were used to document the children’s learning experiences will be a great way for children to learn. The children were also showed reflectiveness when they looked at the documentations. Even though some of the children are still developing their language skills, the pointed at the pictures shared with their friends. I observed that some of them commented, â€Å"I cut banana!† They enjoyed looking at the pictures and also shared their experiences with their peers and teache rs. As my school is inspired by Reggio Emilia, observations and documentation is on the basis constructing new learning for children (American Journal of Play, 2011). Using photographs will also help viewers to better understand the experience that the children were engaged in (Seitz, 2008). When photographs are displayed together with description, teachers and parents are able to see how the child has progressed through a series of photographs. The format of the learning story has also allowed me to write the story, focusing on the child’s strengths and interest, writing down the interactions; analysing the learning that has happened in the story; providing opportunities and possibilities to follow up the child’s learning at school and at home; lastly, to hear feedback from parents. When I was writing the learning stories for the children, I recalled on how the child interacted with peers in the learning environment, building on their prior knowledge and skill and it had helped me to understand the child in another level. This is again drawing from Rogoff’s three foci of analysis where I observed how children learn individually, with peers and the context which the child is at. The checklist has also given me a summary on the achievement of the children’s ability and together with the documentation. The checklist has further assisted me when I wrote their individual learning stories. As I have only have a few experiences in writing learning stories, I felt that I would need more practice so that I can give better critical analysis of the children’s learning and be more proactive in engaging parents in the learning story. Through writing of learning story, I feel that I can better understand each child in my class and drawing out their strengths and finding opportunities and possibilities to further support the child. With the space on the wall for parents to share their thoughts, I am able to hear parents’ view on how they felt about their child’s learning at school. From there, I can continue to include parents in the assessment to better facilitate their child’s learning at school. Assess I would improve by having a variety of assessment tools when I observing the children. Apart from taking pictures, I would definitely consider taking videos of the children when they are engaged in activities. I would also consider being more innovative in documenting children’s learning experience to create interest to the children, families and community. I would definitely assess children through combing the three techniques, assessment for learning, assessment of learning and assessing as learning. One of the methods which I would want to improve on the assessment will be the adopting a literacy or numeracy quilt where families are encouraged to write, draw or collage on post it notes or photographs of literacy or numeracy experiences that their child engages at home (Arthur et al., 2015). From the sharing of home experiences by the parents, this provides me additional insight to plan appropriate learning experiences at school. In this way, I can build on the connection between school and families. References American Journal of Play. (2011). Play and the hundred languages of children: An interview with Lella Gandini. American Journal of Play, 4(1), 1-18. Arthur, L., Beecher, B., Death, E., Dockett, S., Farmer, S. (2015). Programming and planning in early childhood settings (6th ed). Australia: Cengage Learning. Bartlett, J. (2009). Fabric and Fanfare: Design and Ideas Technology in Early Childhood, unpublished thesis, Monash University. Ministry of Education. (2012). Nurturing early learners: A curriculum framework for kindergartens in Singapore. Seitz, H. (2008). The Power of Documentation in the Early Childhood Classroom. Young Children, 63(2), 88-93. The Odyssey Global Preschool. (2014). Nursery 1 Curriculum.Retrieved March 21, 2015, from http://theodyssey.sg/nursery-1/curriculum Appendices Diagnostic Assessment Age: 3 years old Setting: Classroom A group of five children were engaged in play dough activity. They were using the hands to knead, roll the dough. The children were given tools to manipulate. They showed interest in their favourite fruits and began to serve their food (play dough) on plate. Bananas, watermelons and apples were some of the fruits which were mentioned. They will pretend to wash the fruits, cut the fruits then to serving them. With that interest in mind, I would like to implement a little chef project with the topic on will be on fruits! From this learning experience, children will gain experiences in exploring more fruit choices such as dragon fruit, star fruit, strawberries etc through their senses – smell, taste, touch, sight; and finding out the different ways of preparing the fruits – mini fruit pizza, fresh fruit popsicles or fruit yogurt. In this project, children will be developing cooking skills and process while preparing the dishes and exploring different ways of eating. In this learning experience, children will also learn about food safety and hygiene when handling kitchen utensils and be informed of healthy eating through food pyramid. The plan that I have developed for the Learning Activity Learning goals Children will learn about healthy eating based on the food pyramid. They will discover the types of food eaten at different times of the day. They will also learn new fruits such as kiwi, dragon fruit. Children will gain experience being a little chef while preparing the food dishes and exploring how fruits can be eaten, as well as selling their food as a culminating event – Little Chef Day. Skills which the children will be learning Children will develop fine motor skills through: Scooping the fruits on the pancake Cutting fruits (Kiwi, Strawberry, Banana) Peeling Banana Spreading maple syrup on pancake Listening and Speaking skills – Children will be sharing their thoughts in short phrases or 3 – 5 word sentences. They will listen to one to two step instructions and songs. Math – Children will explore colours and shapes of the fruits such as banana, dragon fruit, kiwi and strawberry. Music – Children will participate and sing to the song – Fruits In this project, children will be developing cooperative skills as they work in small groups to present their dish. The skills that will involve during the activities include turn taking, sharing, accepting and sharing responsibility. The children will have to take turns when they take on different role on little chef day or being engaged in a task such as washing hands, tasting of fruits, cutting of fruits. They will be sharing utensils and be responsible of their task. The children will also develop self-management skills when they handle fruits and utensils. The project also challenged their perseverance, and engagement on a task. This project also created awareness for children to understand about healthy eating, personal safety and hygiene. In terms of communication skills, the children will be listening to instructions and to others, expressing their ideas verbally, speaking in front of their friends. Activities An example of Assessment Tool Names: Loo Si Hui (25687514) Page 1

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Missile Defense System of the United States Essay -- Argumentative

The Missile Defense System of the United States Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ronald Reagan was in the Presidency, he and his staff came up with the idea for a missile defense system that would defend the country in the event of a nuclear missile attack. This system was named "Star Wars" and the basic principal behind it was that it would be a shield that covered all fifty states. However, government officials soon realized that Reagan's defense system was impossible to build, so the program was dropped, but the idea to defend the country against a missile attack stuck around. Today, the U. S. Government is trying to build a new, more realistic missile defense system. However, not all the problems have been worked out, and the U. S. Government should not deploy their missile defense system without conducting further tests. Purpose of Missile Defense   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Imagine that one morning there is breaking news that the U. S. Capitol has just been attacked by a missile strike. The information is plastered on every station, and there's pictures showing Washington D. C. Leveled to the ground. All of this just because in the past few years the U. S. Government tried to develop a defense system to quickly, and for that reason they didn't have adequate tests to determine whether or not the system would work. Furthermore, they wouldn't have been attacked had it not been for them trying to develop this system. Every day, this threat is becoming more of a possibility to the United States. Since this could happen, the U. S. Government shouldn't deploy their defense system unless they conduct further, more realistic tests.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The name of the missile program that is being developed to protect the United States is the National Missile Defense. This program... ...ork. MIT Enterprise Technology Review. Retrieved March 14, 2003, from http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/ postol0402.asp Q&A: son of star wars. (2002, December 17). BBC News. Retrieved March 11, 2003, from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/696028.stm Reynolds, M. (2002, December 24). Missile plan faces obstacles; Pentagon value in Bush's proposal to deploy the system in three years, but critics say an essential phase of testing would be left out. Los Angeles Times. Main News; Part 1; Page 1. Warren, D. (2001, May 3). Shooting down the criticisms of Bush's shield: common arguments against the U.S. Missile defense plan, and why they'll never work. The Ottawa Citizen. News, p. A17. Wright, D. & Postol, T. (2000, May 11). Missile defense system won't work. Common Dreams News Center. Retrieved March 6, 2003, from http://www.commondreams.org/views/ 051100-101.htm   

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

The New York Yankees 98 Season :: American America History

The New York Yankees' 98 Season As anyone on the face of the civilized world knows by now , the New York Yankees have just completed one of the most dominating seasons in the history of professional sports. In the process, as many phemomenoms before them , sports or otherwise, they have captivated not only a city and a nation but much of the planet as well. I have seen Pakistani and Korean tourists visiting New York for the first time buying and proudly wearing Yankee caps and T-shirts. These people , obviously, know little or nothing about the game and are not truly baseball fans but are testimony to the Yanks compelling accomplishments. But the full appreciation of what this team has done in 1998 belongs mainly to the dyed in the wool baseball fan. The guy who's been following baseball as a religion , collecting cards , reading box scores and fantasying about being a big league hero long before his puberty began. It is among this elite group where now, in the afterglow of the success and celebration , that the endless debate over whether this is the greatest team of all time will rage in every locker room, bar room and office for most of this offseason. Many of the self proclaimed baseball gurus from all of the radio and TV talk shows and web sites have decided to take the politically correct approach and say that you cant really compare this team with the great ones of eras past. They say it's an "apples and oranges" comparison. I say this is a load ! You can , and if you're a true fan , should compare them. And you can draw definitive conclusions. I agree that the debate over the "greatest" in most arenas is hopelessly subjective. Who was a greater president , Lincoln or Roosevelt? If you ask who was the sexiest female screen star ever , depending on who you talk to and what their tastes were , you'd be as likely to hear Jean Harlow or Lana Turner as Sharon Stone. The key difference here is that these qualities cannot really be quantitatively measured. The fundamentals of being a great leader or being sexy have not really evolved over the centuries. Our interpretation of these things may have but not the fundamental qualities themselves. So comparing these qualities from different eras would be very very subjective.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Fermentatiom By Yeast :: essays research papers

Fermentation of glycine, water, sucrose, galactose, and glucose as induced by yeast. ABSTRACT This lab attempted to find the rate at which Carbon dioxide is produced when five different test solutions: glycine, sucrose, galactose, water, and glucose were separately mixed with a yeast solution to produce fermentation, a process cells undergo. Fermentation is a major way by which a living cell can obtain energy. By measuring the carbon dioxide released by the test solutions, it could be determined which food source allows a living cell to obtain energy. The focus of the research was to determine which test solution would release the Carbon Dioxide by-product the quickest, by the addition of the yeast solution. The best results came from galactose, which produced .170 ml/minute of carbon dioxide. Followed by glucose, this produced .014 ml/minute; finally, sucrose which produced .012ml/minute of Carbon Dioxide. The test solutions water and glycine did not release Carbon Dioxide because they were not a food source for yeast. The results suggest that sugars are very good energy sou rces for a cell where amino acid, Glycine, is not. INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fermentation is an anaerobic process in which fuel molecules are broken down to create pyruvate and ATP molecules (Alberts, 1998). Both pyruvate and ATP are major energy sources used by the cell to do a variety of things. For example, ATP is used in cell division to divide the chromosomes (Alberts, 1998). By taking a Carbon Dioxide, rich substance and mixing it with a yeast, solution fermentation will occur, and then it could be determined if it is a good energy-producer. In this study glacatose, sucrose, glycine, glucose, and water were used to indicate how fast fermentation occurred. The overall result shows that monosaccharides in particular galactose and glucose were the best energy source for a cell. Materials and Methods There were five test solutions used in this experiment, water being the control, which were mixed with a yeast solution to cause fermentation. A 1ml pipetman was used to measure 1 ml of each of the test solutions and placed them in separated test tubes. The 1 ml pipetman was then used to take 1ml of the yeast solution, and placed 1ml of yeast into the five test tubes all containing 1 ml of the test solutions. A 1ml graduated pipette was placed separately in each of the test tubes and extracted 1ml of the solutions into it. Once the mixture was in the pipette, someone from the group placed a piece of parafilm securely on the open end of the pipette and upon completion removed the top part of the graduated pipette.

Information management in healthcare systems Essay

There is no doubt that it is very important to manage health information especially in realization that patient information is usually scattered in different locations in the health care system. There is need to centralize health information in order to ease dissemination of health care records thus improving quality of care. On the same note, information management in healthcare systems is a potential means of cutting down health care costs. In spite of its importance, management of health information is challenged complexities of implementing electronic information systems, as well information flow all of which are costly to health care providers. Electronic information systems and health care quality Incomplete patient information has been associated with medical errors that have resulted into avoidable deaths. Valerius (2007) for instance reports that up to 98,000 patients in the U. S. ere said to have died as per the Institute of Medicine 2000 report due to avoidable medical errors with most of them being due to lacking patient information. The poor management of patient records is partly attributable to failure to adopt advanced information systems. Health care systems are reluctant in adopting electronic health records (ERH) yet ERH have the potential to eradicate most of the problems related to missing patient information. It should be noted that while an ERH system is encouraged, it is possible to use an electronic system together with a manual system. Due to the complexity associated with shifting from a manual system to an electronic system, medical practitioners tend to reluctant to implement electronic systems (Harrison & McDowell, 2008). As such, the main focus of such practitioners is to provide medical care to the patient and unfortunately neglect record keeping yet patient information is very vital in health care. Information flow Information management in health care systems is a challenging aspect in terms of sharing information. Lack of a central repository on patient information predisposes the patient to medical risks. Stevens (2005) observes that when health information is not centralized, it leads to delayed medical procedures as time is taken to look for the doctor who may be having the information. This is expensive financially and it is a time wasting experience that predisposes the patient to inappropriate medical procedures or death in some case. Even in cases where there is an information repository, information sharing may be a source of problem. In most health care systems, the patient is mandated to collect information on performed medical procedures and then present the same to a general practitioner or a clinician. This process of information flow is not efficient and reliable since the patient can easily damage or misplace the medical report. Stevens (2005) mentions that the likelihood of the medical information not landing into the hands of the intended clinician is high. This is an issue that can be effectively addressed by centralizing patient information. Confidentiality of patient information Maintaining patient information confidentially is one of the principles guiding health care practitioners and breaking such has legal implications (Dolan & Barrister, 2004). As such, healthcare information management is supposed to adhere to this principle. This is however a difficult task with a centralized system which may to a greater extent allows accessibility of information by unauthorized persons. However, this is can be countered by proper authentication of the users of the healthcare system. In addition, the ensuring that the released information flows to the right persons is a potent way of curbing breach of confidentiality. In conclusion, it is appreciable that healthcare systems experience challenges in maintaining efficient information management systems. Reluctance to adopt electronic health record systems and little emphasis on need to preserve patient information is the main cause. Healthcare systems must realize that efficient information systems will reduce medical errors and costs related to such errors as well as enhance information flow. The possible problem of breached confidentiality should be addressed by allowing authorized access to centralized health information.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Black People and Affirmative Action Essay

Please be advised that Assignment One on the printed Tutorial Letter 101/3/2013 on pages 12 – 14 has a number of both typographical and numerical mistakes. This happened as a result of a number of factors: the initial assignment reading was too costly for the Department to commission in terms of copyright and had to be retracted at the last minute. The reading on â€Å"Affirmative Action: a losing battle? † was then included but with an almost impossible deadline, which resulted in the errors reflected therein. This is regrettable and we apologise for any inconvenience this might have cost you. The corrected version of the assignment is on page 3 and is attached to this TL and again on my UNISA for your convenience. The marks are out of 100 marks – 50 for Section A and 50 marks for Section B. NB: Please note that the due date has not changed in any way (4 March 2013). 2 ENN103F/102 8. 4. 1. FIRST SEMESTER ASSIGNMENTS The purpose of this assignment is to teach you how to read an article and to critically engage in academic reading and reflecting on the material in an academic manner by answering the short paragraph questions provided as well as an essay. Assignment 01 will be marked fairly fully and sent back to you. Affirmative action: a losing battle? There are considerable reasons to suppose that this topic, which affects all citizens of South Africa, in particular, seems dated. In some instances it is a policy viewed with hostility as it is said to discriminate against sections of the population, yet in others it is seen as beneficial to women, black people and the disabled. Studies show that in many instances this form of historical redress has proven a hindrance to performance and makes the beneficiaries doubt their abilities when viewed by their superiors. This has a negative effect on an organization since the quality of work is seen as being sub-standard. Equally, there are significant indicators, both in industry and the private sector, that the opening up of previously closed avenues through the policy of affirmative action made companies perform better since the beneficiaries of such workplace selection viewed their work as a challenge. Where beneficiaries claim stigmatization by such a selection process, it means they prefer not to have been selected through such efforts. Either way, the battle seems to go on and on. In the light of this ongoing and divisive debate, the level of debate regarding the policy has not progressed further since comparative studies of the policy have not been seriously undertaken. There has been no systematic study of the developments in how the policy actually proves beneficial as a tool of redress. Part of the reason is that, firstly, there is a lack of monitoring of what goes on in organizations, and secondly, that the regulations are not strictly enforced. For instance, companies will usually ‘front’ a black person, a woman or a disabled person, as a chief executive officer and leave the matter of compliance as a secondary issue. Rarely do such companies face serious consequences even if they do business with the government. The question then is whether a time limit should be placed on the policy and Act or whether it should be declared unconstitutional. Consideration has not been taken, for instance, of measures used in other countries to actively promote privilege. Very few advocacy groups ever mention the Naturalization Act of 1790, the Homestead Act of 1862 or even the Federal Housing Administration Loan Program of the 1930s used by the government of the United States of America to promote racial preference; or that such Acts were also used as models for other racially divided societies. Advocacy groups for and against the policy and Act have routinely made it a point that the policy is unsettling, needless and discriminatory, on the one hand, while others argue forcefully that the amelioration of past injustices justifies its implementation. Whichever side is on the ascendancy cannot take the other side’s viewpoint, and in the end the past divisions are set to continue. 3 SECTION A: Short questions Answer the following questions in short paragraphs. Please note that each question will be marked out of 10 marks: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Is the affirmative action policy morally defensible? Explain. In your opinion, which country has successfully implemented the policy of affirmative action and why did it succeed? In your view, why did the South African government choose to implement the Affirmative Action policy and Act, and was it ever justifiable? Does the policy need to be discontinued after a certain length of time, and why? In your opinion, why is it that people from a different racial group are unemployable in certain sectors of the economy and not in others? [10 X 5 = 50] SECTION B: Essay Write an essay of approximately one and a half page on either of the questions below. Please note that each essay will be marked out of 50 marks: 1) Do you think cultivating an equal opportunity society has helped countries such as South Africa and America to move forward? In a carefully worded essay, show why this is the case or why it is not. OR 2) To what extent do you consider such a policy and act relevant to the needs of any society today? [50 marks] Best wishes The ENN103F Team 4.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Video Games Can Have Bad Effect on Children

Video games can have bad effect on children Nowadays, more and more children play Video games because there is a computer at almost every home. Moreover, the number of Internet shop has increased and playing games becomes easier. However, I believe that Video games are not beneficial for children but they have an negative impact on them. This paper, therefore, will argue that Video games can have bad effect on children First of all, computer games take a lot of time of the children.If you want to play and become a big part of any games, you have to invest many hours per day. Besides, computer games have a strong power over children making them play many hours per day. This makes many children don’t have enough time to finish their homework and they grades in school become weaker over time. For example, my 15-year-old nephew used to play computer games approximately 4-5 hours per day. When his parents got his grades they realized that his performance was not satisfying.My nephe w's teacher told they parents that he could not concentrate during the lectures and he rarely did his homework. Secondly, with some games, children who playing these games usually have a violent tendency. It’s because they’re still young and  cannot distinguish where is the real and unreal world. Consequently, they usually have the strange actions like in their games. In the worse case, if we do not control them early, they will do wrong things in some days. In television news program last night, a boy was stabbed to death by his friends because they scramble for game items.Finally, being addicted to games may lead to many social issues such as stealing. I’ve read a lot of newspapers showing that many children who lack of money for playing games decided to steal and lie their parents for money. In conclusion, children are future of the world, therefore, parents need to care and look after them as best as possible. Playing computer games is not prohibited, but we must control our kids usually. Give them more activities and limit the time playing game is the thing that parents should do.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Government Is a Necessary Evil Essay

Authors have debated the role of governments for hundreds of years. Two of these authors, are Thomas Paine and Henry David Thoreau. â€Å"In Common Sense by Thomas Paine, he expresses his opinion on how the government is a â€Å"necessary evil†, and in the 21st century the government still appears to be evil. † Thoreau also expresses his concern with a government in â€Å"Civil Disobedience†. Both of these authors had valid opinions, and if they still were alive today they would be outraged with the U. S. Government. Paine was a hard working man. He participated in many events throughout his life, including fighting in the American Revolution. There was no doubt that Paine was a patriotic man, he simply did not agree with the values and ideas of a government. He had a strong concern for the rights of men, and expressed it clearly through his literary work, Rights of men. Michael Williams states in â€Å"Visionaries and Sceptics: Tom Paine and some Contemporaries†, â€Å"While Paine shares their concerns with the rights of women, his principal focus is on the revolutions he witnessed in America, and later in France, on the deleterious effects of tyrannical government, and on an idealistic vision of the future, once these effects are eliminated. (Williams p. 1). This shows that Paine was not only concerned with the ideas of a government; he was well rounded and cared for many people. He was not a stubborn, grouchy man that did not agree with authority. Paine wanted to fix the problems in the government. Paine was not naive, and he realized that the government will always be around. He was looking for a way to make it better. He knew that without a government there would be no order. Williams also states† The first section of Common Sense is headed as ‘the origin and design of government in general’, and it offers a sustained attack on the principles of monarchy and, in particular, those of the English monarchy. †(Williams p. 6). It does in fact attack on the principles of monarchy, especially the English monarchy. Paine was originally from England and he had a special love for England. He did not want to see the English people being treated unfairly due to the monarchy. Paine thought that king’s were unfit to govern. Paine did not believe that one man should make the ultimate decision on how people choose to live their lives. Although Paine was concerned with England, he was equally concerned with the thirteen colonies. Many historians believe that Common Sense sparked an American Resolution, and during the war Paine always encouraged and inspired patriots with a series of pamphlets entitled The American Crisis. Paine did not want to be a part of the problem; he wanted to be a part of the solution. According to The Norton Anthology of American Literature,† Paine received a number of political appointments as rewards for his services as a writer for the American cause, but too indiscreet and hot tempered for public employment, he misused his privileges and lost the most lucrative offices. †(The Norton Anthology of American Literature p. 325). Paine wanted to make a change in the government and society, but is interpersonal tact prevented him from doing so. Many people lost respect for Paine, because people looked up to him and was hoping he would help make a change. He did make change but not as much as he could have. Paine had a lot of potential and influenced many people. The author of â€Å"Tom Paine: Utopian? †, Mark Jendyrisk states â€Å"Paine lived with a dual vision, one both forward-looking and traditional. †(Jendryisk p. 139). Even though Paine did not agree with the old Puritan ways and their ideas of a government, Paine still had traditional values. His values were not as extreme as the Puritans. Paine had high hopes and goals to fix the â€Å"old fashion† way of thinking and to help change the corrupt world. Jendryisk also stated, â€Å"He believed that republican government could nurture or create a uniform, shared public-interest and citizen self-control. † (Jendryisk p. 139). Paine wanted a republican government where everyone could talk about their opinions without being ridiculed. Paine wanted people to have a say on how the society should have been ran. Paine knew the government was a necessary evil, because without the government the society would not have order. The government is necessary for many reasons, and without it society would be troubled and lost. He also knew that power will eventually make a person corrupt, and that is why there should not be a Monarchy. The Monarchy would mean one man; a king would be over a mass number of people. Paine strived for a more republican government, where more people in the society would have a say. According to Jendryisk,† In all his major works and especially in Common Sense, Rights of Man, and The Age of Reason, he smashes the idols and shibboleths of his time: kingship, established religion, aristocratic hierarchy, and unexamined tradition. † (Jendryisk p. 140). Not only did Paine despise the government’s way, like the set up of kings, he also disliked established religion. Paine was not a religious man, and the Puritans put a â€Å"bad taste in his mouth† when it came to religious ways. A lot of people also had unexamined traditions, traditions that have been around for years and did not make any sense, and people still abided by them. Paine lived by two things, common good and individualism. If the people of his day could have practiced those two things, everything would have went a lot smoother with society. Jendryisk also points out that, â€Å"Paine sees human progress as inevitable, but he recognizes the need for direct action to motivate that progress. † (Jendryisk p. 141). Paine has faith that the government will get better and will change. He knows that change is a good thing, especially in this certain situation. Paine also realizes that the religious extremist will eventually calm down as well. This will help change a lot of different things in the government, such as laws. Many of Paine’s literary works helps contribute to the progress and definitely motivates others. Henry David Thoreau had several of the same values and thoughts about government that Paine had. Cathryn McIntyre, the author of The Politics of Thoreau: A Spiritual Intent, states that†Thoreau’s views are always worth considering when assessing the political landscape of any time, but as I read through his politically inspired essays and lectures I am continually impressed, not by his political views, but by the way his spiritual awareness influenced his political views, and in fact all of his thinking, and it is that spiritual awareness, not his politics, that interests me most. †(McIntyre p. 1). Unlike Paine Thoreau has religious beliefs, and talks about his views often. Thoreau believed that people had a duty to God and themselves before the government. Even though Thoreau did not believe in the old ways and traditions, he still had religious beliefs, so this proves that he was not being a â€Å"rebel†. Thoreau simply did not believe in an organized government. Thoreau wrote Civil Disobedience, and in this he is more resistant than Thomas Paine was. Comparing Paine and Thoreau to two men that were fighting for the same thing but different in many ways when it came to their values would be, Martin Luther King Jr. nd Malcolm X. Paine is more like Martin Luther King Jr. and Thoreau is more like Malcolm X, because of how resistant they both were. Thoreau once refused to pay his taxes, because he was unhappy with the government and the way they were handling the slavery and Mexican-American War situation. He spent the night in jail as his punishment. Carl Bankston III, the author of Thoreau’s Case for Political Disengagement states, â€Å"His refusal to pay the poll Tax does not come from any moral compulsion to right the wrongs of the world, but from the ethical desire to avoid doing wrong himself. (Banston III p. 7). He believed the U. S. was unjust because of slavery; the Declaration of Independence says â€Å"All men are created equal. † McIntyre also states,† Thoreau believed if you confine a man under government rules, tie him to his occupation, and monopolize his time with strictly material pursuits while holding him back from a direct relation with nature or from a direct connection to the divine, you will have a man who is leading a life of quiet desperation. †(McIntyre p. 1). Thoreau is stating that the government cannot control everyone’s life. All of the strict, unnecessary rules will make people miserable. So Thoreau’s simple solution to the government was to not follow the majority and to have your first obligation to yourself and what you believe. He thought people should do what they believe is right and not follow the laws made by the government. Even if this meant breaking the law, he still thought your personal belief came first. He did not believe people should obligate and devote themselves to the evils of the government. In Civil Disobedience, Thoreau states, â€Å"Unjust laws exist: shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? Men generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them. †(Thoreau p. 834). Thoreau is asking the society, do they want to be miserable and wait for things to change or do they want to take a stand and do something about the problem. Thoreau believed that society could make a stand by disobeying the rules, because if you obey the rules nothing will be changed. He knew that society had to let the government know that many people had an issue with the particular law or rule. Thoreau thinks the government rarely proves itself useful and that it derives its power from the majority. This is why Thoreau did not like the majority, he says the majority is the strongest group, and not because they hold the most legitimate viewpoint. Everyone seemed to have the same simple state of mind, and did not want change and to become more â€Å"of the world†. Although Thoreau was against slavery and the war, he really did not have a plan to fix it. According to Bankston III, â€Å"While Thoreau was opposed to slavery and to the Mexican War; he does not provide us with a blueprint for the peaceful and free society that he wanted to see conscience bring into existence. †(Bankston p. 11). Thoreau had many negative things to say about the government and society but did not take charge. Like many people in the 21st century, everyone has a complaint and no one has a solution. This is how Paine and Thoreau differ; Paine had a plan and tried to make the society better in any way. Another literary work by Bankston III, Civil Disobedience, states â€Å"He says that he was born to live in the world, not to make it a better place to live. †(Bankston III p. 1). This proves the theory that Thoreau had no intention to make the government better, and try to get rid of the evil. Much like many people in the 21st century, they complain and dislike the government system but never do anything to change it. Thoreau did not believe in voting or petitioning, he felt it does not make a difference. Many people in the 21st century have the same beliefs as Thoreau. Although Paine had a bad temper and could have excelled more in making the government and society better, he did make many changes and influence a lot of people. Indeed Thoreau had a mentality to not make a change, he still influence many people with his writing. Thoreau had good intention and could have been a great leader. The Government is a necessary evil, it is now and it has always been. Paine and Thoreau eventually lost hope in a change; they realized the government will never change. They accepted the fact that no matter what there will always be a government, and when people receive the power to lead and to make decisions, they turn corrupt.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Animals Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Animals Rights - Essay Example Though the animal owners make big claims regarding the proper and appropriate care of the speech creatures they have maintained in their supervision and custody, yet the available facts and figures aptly disregard these claims made in respect of apposite treatment of the animals. First and the foremost responsibility of the masters towards their animals is provision of sufficient food according to the tastes and requirements of their respective carnivorous and herbivorous animals. Nevertheless, one of the most frequent complaints made against the animal-keepers include the poor quality and lesser quantity of the food being offered by the owners. It is particularly the case with the beasts e.g. lions and tigers, which just rely upon meat in order to survive. Somehow, their masters often make complains regarding their problems while affording the meat in such a high quantity. But the question is this that if they are unable to provide the beasts with sufficient meat, should they have a ny reason to keep them hungry on ethical grounds. Since animals are physically far more powerful and energetic than humans, they certainly require more food in order to survive on the one side and for performing different activities on the other. It is therefore adequate quantity of food in necessary for keeping them healthy. Another prominent cruelty inflicted upon the animals is the attack made on their freedom and liberty. The animals have the right to move here and there without having any restrictions upon them. Somehow, some areas could be specified for their free movements so that they could not harm the humans. It has aptly been observed that most of the â€Å"owners keep the animals in chains; it is particularly the case with the beasts i.e.... This paper stresses that there are many steps to be taken for the safety, protection and well-being of the animals. The political authorities should impose complete banishment on the animal hunt, by laying special stress upon banning the hunting of rare animals. In addition, â€Å"complete and regular checks up of all the pets and beasts kept by their masters must be declared compulsory one from the governmental recognized veterinary hospitals and medical centers in order to assure their health, fitness and cleanliness†. This report makes a conclusion that it becomes evident that animals are the sign and symbol of the beauties, tenderness, delicacy and aesthetics of nature; in the same way they are equally representatives of the valor, strength, power and aggression maintained by nature. Nonetheless, â€Å"the animals are in an extremely vulnerable state of affairs in the residences, circuses, zoos and other commercial centers, where they are inflicted with various kinds of cruelties and atrocities†. The beasts are not the exception altogether, as they have to undergo electric shocks and severe tortures at the hands of their stone-hearted masters. There is an urgent need for the establishment of regularity authorities for the imposition of strict bans on the hunting, trading and torturing on the animals, as well as for the assurance of proper food and cleanliness of the speechless creature, so that the humanity could be escaped from the natural disasters and calamities come as the revenge agai nst the criminalities and offences against the hapless creatures.

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Cardiac Exercise Prescription, Referral & Rehabilitation case study Essay

Cardiac Exercise Prescription, Referral & Rehabilitation case study - Essay Example The pain typically lasts for 5 to 10 minutes and subsides with rest. The pain is non-radiating and is not associated with other symptoms like nausea, vomiting, cough, breathlessness, palpitations, syncopal attacks, expectoration, edema or fever. The patient also complains of easy fatiguibility since 15 days. Past Medical History (Non-cardiac): He has hypertension since 10 years and is on antihypertensives and aspirin. He has high blood cholesterol levels which has reduced after initiation of cholesterol lowering agents. Peter suffered from major illness at 20 years of age when more than half his lung was damaged due to pneumonia. He underwent 2 hernia operations, one for right inguinal hernia 10 years ago and a repeat surgery for the same hernia 6 years ago. His stay in the hospital during that period was uneventful. Peter does not have diabetes mellitus. There are no known allergies identified in him. Cardiac History: The patient is a known case of myocardial ischemia, diagnosed 4 y ears ago when he was treated with placement of stents. 17 months ago he suffered from myocardial ischemia. Currently, he is admitted for angina due to ischemic heart disease. Ischemic heart disease or IHD or coronary heart disease is a condition in which there is oxygen deprivation to the muscles of the heart as a result of decreased blood flow and perfusion and is accompanied by inadequate removal of the products of metabolism (Zevitz, 2006). This is the most common form of heart disease and a leading cause of premature death in the developed countries (Zevitz, 2006). The hallmark feature of this condition is imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen of the myocardium which can occur either due to increased myocardial oxygen demand or decreased myocardial oxygen supply or both. Ischemia to the myocardium results from disease in the coronary arteries. The disease is most often due to formation of atheroma and its consequences like thrombosis. Of all the arteries in the body, coronary arteries are at increased risk of developing atheroma (Maseri et al, 1992). Personal history: As a lorry driver, Peter used to enjoy eating fatty food, especially take away Chinese foods. The patient has regular diet and sleep. His bowel and bladder habits are regular. The patient was a smoker and used to smoke about 60 cigarettes a day. 3 years ago, the number came down to 10 per day. He has given up smoking now for the past one month. He does not take alcohol. He is not addicted to illicit drugs. He leads an active life and walks about half an hour a day for 5-6 days a week, of which atleast 10 minutes is brisk walking. His hobbies are racing and gardening. Family history: Both his parents were diabetic and hypertensive. However, there is no family history of heart disease. Peter is married and has one daughter and five sons, who are source of some stress to him. Education: Peter did not undergo proper schooling. He studied in a technical school for 3 years. He started w orking as a lorry driver since the age of 15. He did not receive any education about cardiac disease. Patient mentioned that if he received any such education earlier, he would have cut down on smoking. Risk Factor Profile: Modifiable risk factors: 1.

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Distinct Varieties of Masculinity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distinct Varieties of Masculinity - Essay Example The feminists believe that the discrimination curtails women rights and seek to see the situation changed. (Piper 2009) Masculinity refers to masculine which denote something related to a male who include men and boys. (Piper 2011) defines masculinity as an expression to serve and not to be served expressing a sacrifice for the woman, which requires giving direction and having a final say. While looking at the distinct values of masculinity arises from the comparison of feminist and masculinity where feminist seek for equality between men and women, but some things constitute for womanhood and others manhood. The essay below discusses the comparison of the two in regard to distinct variety of masculinity. Distinct varieties of masculinity To begin with thoughts and experiences of men, they help in understanding gender in terms of the masculine variables, as opposed to feminist. (Rotundo, p. 106) argues that women beauty lured men from their known pleasure and secure culture to follow ing women. Therefore, opining that gender gets socially construed with masculine thoughts and behaviors arising from social and cultural processes. The scholar opines that the new complex culture, give rise to the conception of self made manhood. (Rotundo, p. 80 ) Explains the boy’s culture, which prepared boys, for rough and competitive world of politics and business, also the youth culture characterized by debating clubs, where they learned new skills and how to compete in socially acceptable ways. Similarly, (Rotundo, p 86) expresses the idea of masculinity by demonstrating thinking and experiences during both boys and youth culture. Both cultures have great emotional depth involving wrestling, fisticuffs’ and rehearsals for marriage by teenage boys in preparation for adult responsibilities. The thoughts of young men inclined to taming girls while driven by desires for sex and home cooked food because they regarded women to be different from men. More so, the develo pment of culture had many think that masculinity manifested in the success of men in both business and politics. Argument and opinion Rotundo’s argument that masculinity can be traced from the thoughts and experiences of as construed in the cultural and social development has a lot of merits and some controversies. The following reasons support Rotundo’s argument: that culture develops and so the thinking and experience of a person changes as the social and cultural responsibility change; people do grow and so changes occur, so masculinity can be examined at different stages of one’s life as Rotundo considers the issue in different cultural stages; argument that a society undergoes economic and social changes (Rotundo, p. 22) requires that man change masculinity to adopt with the new roles. Therefore, this concept of distinct of masculinity is worthy agreeable with since the feminine assume its feminist like ways. Secondly, transforming masculinity can be

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Picture of Dorian Gray - Essay Example There are so many parallels that can be drawn between Dorian’s character and today’s generation and particularly youths. For instance, just as today’s youth are generally innocent in the initial day of their life, their innocence eventually disappears mostly under the influence of today’s ‘role models’ who ironically worship vices instead of virtues. This is perfectly in line with Dorian’s character and especially the influence of Lord Henry Wotton, who influences Dorian in entering a â€Å"life of sensual indulgence (Wilde, 1908).† In fact, the path that he takes in his life is perfectly in line with today’s youths from similar background. Hailing from a dysfunctional family, where Dorian maternal grandmother conspires to have his father murdered because of his displeasure with the marriage, Dorian like majority of today’s youths from such dysfunctional family had no inspiration in life and hence his subsequent rio tous nature in life. In fact, his story is a common feature in our ghettoes today where kids in care of their maternal parents are increasingly embracing violence and all sort of extreme vices. Put in the context of today’s life, the overall picture of Dorian life and especially that of murder in the most part, makes him a perfect example of a child growing without any emotional support not only in his generation but in any of the subsequent generations. There is no doubt that Dorian would behave exactly the way he behaved if he found himself living in the 21st century. Dorian picture represent that found in the ghettoes. The murder of Basil for instance, which can be blamed in most part on his emotional build-up can be likened to majority of today’s violence and senseless murders that are being perpetuated by youths of his age in poor neighborhood where the family institution is no longer existent. Dorian life of vices instead of virtue seems to be consistent with the desires of the youths of today, a desire that is particularly driven by the pop culture propagated by the entertainment industry. His life of extremes particularly makes the character Dorian appealing to today’s youth if today pop culture is anything to go by. This appeal is also manifested in Hollywood’s effort since the 1900s at integrating Dorian character and lessons in a good number of their films. Even the struggles that Dorian undergoes in asserting his character to his contemporaries are synonymous with today’s youth obsession with bad-boy image, a classic example being rapper Eminem, who has made a career out of bashing his mother. Another example of the elevation of Dorian character can be found in both the film and print version of the movie The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Today extreme obsession with sensual beauty and youthfulness, which informs the growing list of beauty products and even cosmetic surgeries, borrows a lot from the book†™s theme on the worship of beauty and youth. There is no doubt that just like Dorian’s obsession with beauty, the modern man and women will spend large amount of resources (time and money) on maintaining the perfect mirrored image of him/herself. This feeling about reality of the 21st century man and woman is consistent with Dorian’